Neuro final clinical notes

Etiology:  secondary to diseases causing nerve damage

• s/s:  Drooping of your upper eyelid (ptosis) and slight elevation of the lower lid
• Decreased pupil size in your affected eye (miosis)
• Decreased or absent sweating on the affected side of your face (anhidrosis)

• Etiology:  Congenital
• S/S:  Involuntary jerking or writhing movements (chorea)Involuntary,
• sustained contracture of muscles (dystonia)
• Muscle rigidity
• Slow, uncoordinated fine movements
• Slow or abnormal eye movements
• Impaired gait, posture and balance
• Difficulty with the physical production of speech
• Difficulty swallowing

• Difficulty planning, organizing and prioritizing tasks
• Inability to start a task or conversation
• Lack of flexibility, or the tendency to get stuck on a thought, behavior or action (perseveration)
• Lack of impulse control that can result in outbursts, acting without thinking and sexual promiscuity
• Problems with spatial perception that can result in falls, clumsiness or accidents
• Lack of awareness of one's own behaviors and abilities
• Difficulty focusing on a task for long periods
• Slowness in processing thoughts or "finding" words
• Difficulty in learning new information

• Etiology:  Brain damage secondary to hypoxia, trauma, nutritional deficits or other diseases
• s/s:  Impaired ability to learn new information following the onset of amnesia (anterograde amnesia)
• Impaired ability to recall past events and previously familiar information (retrograde amnesia)
• False recollections (confabulation), either completely invented or made up of genuine memories misplaced in time
• Neurological problems such as uncoordinated movements, tremors or seizures
• Confusion or disorientation

• Etiology:  Idiopathic
• S/S:  Drooping angle of mouth, partial loss of taste/ salivation, total loss of lacrimation

• Etiology:  idiopathic
• s/s:  Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs, which typically occurs on
• one side of your body at a time or the bottom half of your body
• Partial or complete loss of vision, usually in one eye at a time, often with pain during eye movement (optic neuritis)
• Double vision or blurring of vision
• Tingling or pain in parts of your body
• Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain head movements
• Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait
• Fatigue
• Dizziness

• Etiology:  Bacterial infection (Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) or Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus))
• s/s:  High fever
• Severe headache that isn't easily confused with other types of headache
• Stiff neck
• Vomiting or nausea with headache
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating — in the very young, this may appear as inability to maintain eye contact
• Seizures
• Sleepiness or difficulty waking upSensitivity to lightLack of interest in drinking and eating
• Skin rash in some cases, such as in viral or meningococcal meningitis

• Etiology:  idiopathic
• s/s:  Prickling, "pins and needles" sensations in your fingers, toes or both
• Weakness or tingling sensations in your legs that spread to your upper body
• Unsteady walking or inability to walk
• Difficulty with eye movement, facial movement, speaking, chewing or swallowing
• Severe pain in your lower back
• Difficulty with bladder control or intestinal functions
• Rapid heart rate
• Low or high blood pressure
• Difficulty breathing

etiology:  multifactorial; genetic, environmental

s/s:  bradykinesia, tremor, hypertonia, impaired balance and posture, loss of automatic movements, speech and writing changes

• etiology:  multifactorial; genetics environmental
• s/s:  Fails to respond to his or her name
• Has poor eye contact
• Appears not to hear you at times
• Resists cuddling and holding
• Appears unaware of others' feelings
• Seems to prefer playing alone — retreats into his or her "own world"
• Speaks with an abnormal tone or rhythm — may use a singsong voice or robot-like speech
• Can't start a conversation or keep one going
• May repeat words or phrases verbatim, but doesn't understand how to use them
• Performs repetitive movements, such as rocking, spinning or hand-flapping
• Develops specific routines or rituals
• Becomes disturbed at the slightest change in routines or rituals
• Moves constantly
• May be fascinated by parts of an object, such as the spinning wheels of a toy car
• May be unusually sensitive to light, sound and touch and yet oblivious to pain

• etiology:  idiopathic
• s/s:  memory problems
• disorientation and/or poor spatial skills
• thinking and reasoning difficulties
• changes in personality
• difficulty making judgments or decisions