MNT1_CH15

the most abundant (55% to 65% of total) plasma protein; a negative acute-phase respondent with a long half-life (t_1/2 = 21 days); maintains plasma oncotic pressure and acts as a transport protein

(oncotic pulls water into the circulatory system - also related to swelling)

a condition of impaired iron use in which functional iron (i.e., hemoglobin) is low, but tissue iron (i.e., ferritin) is normal or high; due to raised cytokine levels, shortened erythrocyte survival, and impaired bone marrow response.

eight blood tests used for screening

analysis and description of the red blood cells

14 blood tests, including all the tests in the basic metabolic panel used for screening

acute-phase protein that increases in infectious diseases, inflammatory disorders, malignancy, and tissue trauma

a chemical breakdown product of creatine phosphate; used as a marker of renal function and muscle mass

part of white blood cell count that enumerates each of the specific classes of leukocytes

a protein that sequesters iron in a form readily activated for transport; found primarily in the liver and other iron storage sites; plasma ferritin is proportional to intracellular ferritin and useful in assessing iron status.

the appraisal of nutrient pool size by measurement of the activity of a biochemical or physiologic activity dependent on a specific nutrient

the measure of the percentage of red blood cells in total blood volume

measure of the total amount of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells, in the peripheral blood

five types of HDL (HDL2a, HDL2b, HDL2c, HDL3a, and HDL3b) that provide different levels of protection against cardiovascular disease

a special CRP test to detect slight elevations of CRP, which are associated with increased risk for occlusive cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular disease, and end-stage kidney disease.

(to occlude is to block something)

an amino acid that is an intermediate in the synthesis of methionine and the methyl group donor, S-adenosylmethionine; because the S-adenosylmethionine cycle requires vitamin B₁₂ and folate, deficiencies in these vitamins are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor for occlusive cardiovascular disease

a highly atherogenic low-density lipoprotein fraction

a condition marked by a mean red cell volume of less than 80 femtoliters (fl); commonly associated with iron deficiency

a group of plasma proteins, including albumin and prealbumin (transthyretin), the concentrations of which decrease during inflammatory conditions (the acute-phase reaction)

tests on body fluids (e.g., plasma, serum, saliva), tissues (e.g., whole blood, cells, hair, nails), and waste (e.g., urine, feces, sweat) that are performed by controlled physical, chemical, biochemical, molecular, diagnostic, or microscopic examination primarily to provide information about nutrient pool status

the balance between the formation of toxic free radical oxidation products and the reactions that convert these compounds to benign end products

low-density lipoprotein subclass that is buoyant and less dense (per mg cholesterol) and is the least atherogenic of the LDL subclasses

low-density lipoprotein subclass that is small and dense (per milligram of cholesterol) and is the most atherogenic of the LDL subclasses

a group of plasma proteins, including C-reactive protein and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid), the concentrations of which increase during inflammatory states (the acute-phase reaction)

a negative acute-phase respondent plasma protein that is also called transthyretin (TTHY); binds thyroxine and retinol-binding protein and is commonly used to monitor protein-energy status; because of its short half-life (t_1/2 = 2 days), it repidly responds to improving protein energy status

free radical species, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide radicals (O^2-), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) that are formed during metabolic processes or metabolism of xenobiotic compounds

a negative acute-phase respondent plasma protein with a half-life (t_1/2 = 12 hours) the concentration of which correlates with protein-energy status; binds and transports retinol

appraisal of nutrient pool size by direct measurement of the nutrient in a biologic fluid, tissue, or waste

a measurement of the potential for plasma to bind ferric ion (FE[III]+)

the plasma protein that transports iron from one organ to another; a negative acute-phase respondent that has a medium half-life (t_1/2 = 8 days) and is responsive to protein-energy status

physical and/or chemical examination of the urine to screen for infections and diseases that result in the appearance of abnormal metabolites in the urine