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Sternocleidomastoid
- Origin: Sternal Head - Top of manubrium; Clavicular Head - Medial 1/3 of clavicle
- Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral superior nuchal line of occiput
- Innervation: Spinal Accessory n.
- Actions: Laterally flexes head to same side, rotates head to opposite side, flexes neck, assists in inhalation
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Anterior Scalene
- Origin: TP of 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae, ant. tubercles
- Insertion: 1st rib
- Innervation: Cervical Plexus
- Actions: Elevate ribs during inhalation, flex neck, laterally flex neck top same side (ribs fixed), rotate head and neck to opposite side
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Middle Scalene
- Origin: TP of 2nd-7th Cervical Vertebrae (post. tubercles)
- Insertion: 1st Rib
- Innervation: Cervical Plexus
- Actions: Elevate ribs during inhalation, laterally flex neck to same side (ribs fixed), rotate head and neck to opposite sides
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Posterior Scalene
- Origin: TP of 5th-6th Cervical Vertebrae, post. tubercles
- Insertion: 2nd Rib
- Innervation: Cervical Plexus
- Actions: Elevate ribs during inhalation, laterally flex neck to same side (ribs fixed), rotate head and neck to opposite sides
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Masseter
- Origin: Zygomatic arch
- Insertion: Angle and ramus of Mandible
- Innervation: Masseteric n. (Mandibular)
- Actions: Elevates mandible at TMJ joint
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Temporalis
- Origin: TEmporal fossa and fascia
- Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
- Innervation: Deep Temoral nn. (Mandibular)
- Actions: Elevates mandible (TMJ), Retracts mandible
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Geniohyoid
- Origin: Underside of Mandible
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Innervation: Hypoglossal n.
- Actions: Elevate hyoid and tongue, depress mandible
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Mylohyoid
- Origin: Underside of mandible
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Innervation: Mylohyoid n.
- Actions: Elevate hyoid and tongue, depress mandible (TMJ)
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Stylohyoid
- Origin: Styloid process
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Innervation: Facial n.
- Actions: Elevate hyoid and tongue, depress mandible (TMJ)
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Digastric
- Origin: Mastoid process, deep to SCM and Splenius Capitis
- Insertion: Inferior border of mandible
- Innervation: Mylohyoid, Facial nn.
- Actions: Hyoid fixed - depresses mandible (TMJ); Mandible fixed - retracts elevates hyoid; also retracts mandible (TMJ)
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Omohyoid
- Origin: Superior border of scapula
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Innervation: Upper cervical nn.
- Actions: Depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
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Sternohyoid
- Origin: Manubrium
- Insertion: Thyroid Cartilage
- Innervation: Upper cervical nn.
- Actions: Depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
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Sternothyroid
- Origin: Manubrium
- Insertion: Thyroid cartilage
- Innervation: Upper cervical nn.
- Actions: Depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
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Platysma
- Origin: Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
- Insertion: Edge of mandible, skin of lower part of face
- Innervation: Facial n.
- Actions: Assists in depressing mandible (TMJ), tightens fascia of neck
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Occipitofrontalis
- Origin: Galea aponeurotica
- Insertion: Frontalis - Skin over eyebrows; Occipitalis - Superior nuchal line of occiput
- Innervation: Facial n.
- Actions: Frontalis - raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead; Occipitalis - anchors and retracts galea posteriorly
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Medial Pterygoid
- Proximal Attachment: 2 heads to 1)Medial surface ofr lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone, 2) tuberosity of maxilla
- Distal Attachment: Medial surface of ramus of mandible, inf. to foramen
- Innervation: N. to Medial Pterygoid (from Mandibular)
- Actions: Elevate mandible, contributes to protrusion
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Lateral Pterygoid
- Proximal Attachment: 2 heads to 1) Infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid, 2) Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
- Distal Attachment: Joint capsule and disk of TMJ, pterygoid fovea of mandible
- Innervation: N. to Lateral Pterygoid (from Mandibular)
- Actions: Protracts mandible, depresses chin, swings jaw to opposite side, lateral chewing movements
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Longus Colli
- Origin: Ant. tubercle of C1, bodies of C1-C3, TP of C3-C6
- Insertion: Bodies of C5-T3, TP of C3-C5
- Innervation: Anterior rami of C2-6 spinal nn.
- Actions: Flexes neck with rotation to opposite side
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Longus Capitis
- Origin: Basilar part of occipital bone
- Insertion: Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 TP
- Innervation: Anterior rami of C1-C3 spinal nn.
- Action: Flexes head
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