-
-definition: chemical elements
-examples
- pure substances that cannot be decomposed by ordinary means to other substances
- ex: Sodium, Aluminum, Bromine, etc.
-
definition: atom
• An atom is the smallest particle ofan element that has the chemicalproperties of the element.
Distance across = 1.8 nanometer (1.8 x 10-9 m)
-
An atom consists of:
- An atom consists of:
- • a nucleus (of protons and neutrons)
- • electrons in space about the nucleus.
-
definition: chemical compounds
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS are composed of atoms and so can be decomposed to those atoms.
-
-definition: molecule
-examples
A MOLECULE is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical characteristics of the compound.
Composition of molecules is given by a MOLECULAR FORMULA
- H2O - water
- C8H10N4O2 - caffeine
-
definition: macroscopic
what we can see
-
definition: particulate
we cannot see
-
Matter consists of:
Matter consists of atoms and molecules in motion. Matter has kinetic nature.
-
List the states of matter. Define them.
- STATES OF MATTER
- SOLIDS — have rigid shape, fixed volume. External shape can reflect theatomic and molecular arrangement.
- LIQUIDS — have no fixed shape and may not fill a container completely.
- GASES — expand to fill theircontainer.–Good theoretical understanding.
-
Melting point is what type of property?
Physical
-
Boiling point is what type of property?
physical
-
What type of property is observed when dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a homogeneous mixture?
physical
-
What type of property is observed when dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a solution?
physical
-
-formula: density
(with units)
density = mass (g) / volume (cm2)
-
Problem:
A piece of copper has a mass of 57.54 g. It is 9.36 cm long, 7.23 cmwide, and 0.95 mm thick. Calculate density.
- 9.0 g/cm3-must have correct units
- -must be only 2 sig figs
-
Does density depend on the quantity of matter?
No. It is an INTENSIVE property.
-
Define intensive property. Give examples.
Intensive properties do not depend on the quantity of matter. Examples include density and temperature.
-
Define extensive property. Give examples.
Extensive properties depend on the quantity of matter. Examples include mass and volume.
-
PROBLEM: Mercury (Hg) has a densityof 13.6 g/cm3. What is the mass of 95 mLof Hg in grams? In pounds?
- 1. Use density to calc. mass (g) fromvolume.
- 2. Convert mass (g) to mass (lb)
- Need to know conversion factor= 454 g / 1 lb
Answer: 2.8lb
-
Define chemical change.
Chemical change or chemical reaction —transformation of one or more atoms or molecules into one or more different molecules.
-
List the standard SI units of measurement.
- Length - Meter, m
- Mass - Kilogram, kg
- Time - Seconds, s
- Temperature - Celsius degree, oC & Kelvins, K
-
1 km = ____ m
1 km = 1000 m
-
1 m = ____ cm
1 m = 100 cm
-
1 cm = ___ mm
1 m = 10 cm
-
1 nm = ___ m
1 nanometer (nm) = 1.0 x 10-9 meter
-
Boiling point of water in oF, oC, K.
-
Is one K degree = to one oC degree?
Yes.
-
Freezing point of water in oF, oC, K.
-
At 100oF, what is the temperature in oC and K?
-
The formula for converting oC into K is:
T (K) = t (°C) + 273.15
-
A computer disk is 3.5 inches on a side. What is this dimension in centimeters?
8.9 cm
-
1 in = ____ cm
1 in = 2.54 cm
-
A computer disk is 3.5 inches square. What is area of this disk in square centimeters?
-
A common envelope is 24.2 centimeters long and 10.5 centimeters wide. What is the areaof the envelope in square inches?
39.4 in2
-
A beaker in the laboratory has a volume of 250. mL. What is the volume of the beaker inliters?
0.250 L
-
A laboratory flask has a volume of 0.750 L. What is the volume of this flask in milliliters?
750 mL
-
A large orange has a mass of 253 g. What is the mass of this orange in kilograms?
0.253 kg
-
A piece of meat has a mass of 1.35 kg. What is the mass of this meat in pounds?
2.97 lb
-
A can of soft drink has a mass of 1.23 pounds. What is its mass in grams?
558 g
-
1 lb = ____ g
1 lb = 454 g
-
The density of platinum metal is 21.4 g/cm3. If you have a piece of platinum with mass of 11.23 g, what is its volume in cubic centimeters?
0.525 cm3
-
The density of ethylene glycol, the principal ingredient in antifreeze, is 1.11 g/cm3. If you have 245 g of the liquid, how many cubic centimeters do you have?
221 cm3
-
The density of liquid mercury is 13.53 g/cm3. If you have a pound of mercury, how many milliliters do you have?
33.6 mL
-
Name one of the few elements that exists in the liquid state under normal conditions and give its density.
Bromine, d = 3.10 g/cm3
-
Bromine, one of the few elements that exists in the liquid state under normal conditions,has a density of 3.10 g/cm3. If you have 50.0 mL of bromine, how many grams do youhave?
155g
-
The temperature of the room is 75 °F. Approximately what is its temperature in Celsius degrees?
24oC
-
How do you convert oC into oF?
°F = °C x 9/5 + 32
-
How do you convert oF into oC?
oC = (°F - 32) x 5/9
-
A temperature on a cool day in San Francisco may be 15 °C. Approximately what is this temperature in Fahrenheit degrees?
59 °F
-
The temperature of molten aluminum is 683 °C. What is this temperature in Kelvin?
956 K
-
The number of significant figures in the number 0.002354 is:
4
-
The number of significant figures in the number 1.03 x 10-3 is:
3
-
If you solve the expression (2.34 + 0.567 + 63.2 = ?), the answer is:
66.1
-
If you express the number 0.000568 in scientific notation with two significant figures itwould be
5.7 x 10-4
-
Fourteen carat gold is a mixture of gold and other metals, with gold present to the extent of 58.3%. If you have a 14-carat gold ring with a mass of 5.63 g, the mass of gold present is:
3.28 g
-
Silver jewelry is a mixture of silver and copper. If an earring has a mass of 1.78 g, and it is 80.1% silver, the mass of copper in the earring is
9.35g
|
|
