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Murphy's sign
deep pain on inspiration while fingers are placed under the right rib cage; cholecystitis.
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Prehn's sign
positive when lifting scrotum and pain is relieved; epididymitis
negative when lifting scrotum and pain is still present; testicular torsion
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Kernigs
pt lays down leg is elevated and knee flexion elicits pain. Meningitis
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Brudinski sign
Pt lays down and neck is bend causing pt to flex knees. Meningitis
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What is gold standard for diagnosing choleycystitis?
ultrasound
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high pitched, tinkling bowel sounds are seen in what condition?
bowel obstruction
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What is psoa's sign?
pain w/ right thigh extention
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what is obturator sign?
pain w/ internal rotation of flexed right thigh
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what is positive rovsing's sign?
right lower quadrant pain when pressure is applied to the left lower quadrant
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Levine sign
pt states feels like squeezing of heart, angina
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outpatient Treatment for angina
nitrate, betablocker, calcium channel blocker
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Common hypercholesterolemia drugs
statin, niacin, fibrates
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Changes in I, aVL in ekg
MI in lateral part of heart
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Changes in II, III, aVF in ekg
MI in inferior part of heart (underneath heart)
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Changes in V leads or V3 and V4 in ekg
MI in anterior part of heart (straight in heart)
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which cardiac enzyme are cardioselective?
troponin I and CK-MB
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S1
closure of mitral and tricuspid valve
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S2
closure of aortic and pulmonary valve
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Ms. ARD
Mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation diastole
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Mr. ASS
Mitral regurgiation, aortic stenosis, systole
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S3
kentucky, heard in heart failure and pregnancy
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S4
tennessee, heard in MI, chronic hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy
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murmur heard in 5th ICS
mitral
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murmur heard in right 2nd or 3rd ICS
aortic
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acute heart failure
left sided, caused by acute MI or valve rupture
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chronic heart failure
right sided, caused by inadequate compensatory mechanism to improve cardiac output
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MI management
1st- ASA 325mg to chew, 2nd NTG sl q5 mins x3, 3rd begin O2
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Campylobacter jejuni is treated with?
Erythromycin
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Salmonella is treated with?
Ampicillin
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Shigella is treated with?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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Giardia lamblia is treated with?
Metronidazole
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