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Roseola infantum
herpesvirus 6; a maculopapular rash appears after the initial high fever with lymphadenopathy.
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Chicken pox
Vesicular rash
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Scarlet fever
Strep pyogenes causes tonsilitis and pharyngitis
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Epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae type B infection. It is characterised by sudden onset, high fever, continuous stridor and drooling of secretions. Intravenous antibiotics, anaesthetic support are usually indicated.
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Whooping cough
Caused by Bordetella pertussis infection. Bouts of coughing ending in vomiting, especially at night and after feeding suggest the diagnosis. The characteristic whoop, forced inspiration through a closed glottis may or may not be present. Absolute lymphocytosis is common. Complications include CNS haemorrhages, rectal prolapse and bronchiectasis.
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Croup
Croup usually occurs in epidemics in autumn or spring. Causative viruses are parainfluenza (types 1,2,or 3), respiratory syncytial viruses and measles virus. Onset is over a few days, stridor is harsh and occurs only when the child is upset. A barking cough, harsh voice and inability to swallow secretions are typical.
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Glandular fever
Maculopapular rash, jaundice(rarely), hepatosplenomegaly, tonsils, pharyngitis, atypical lymphocytes, mild thrombocytopenia
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Incubation periods
- Chicken pox 7-21 days
- Whooping cough average 10-14 days (range 6-20)
- Hand, foot and mouth disease 2-3 days
- German measles 14-21 days
- Mumps 12-28 days.
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