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biomechanics
study that uses principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body.
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superior:
above a point of reference
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inferior
below a point of reference
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proximal
nearest the center of the body or point of reference
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distal
farthest away from center of body, or point of reference
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anterior (ventral)
the front of the body
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posterior (dorsal)
on the back of the body
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medial:
positioned near the middle of the body
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lateral
toward the outside of the body
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contralateral
positioned on the opposite side of the body
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ipsilateral
positioned on the same side of the body
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sagittal plane
divides body into left and right halves
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frontal plane
divides the body into front and back halves
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abduction
away from the middle of the body
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adduction
toward the middle of the body
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transverse plane
divides body into top and bottom halves
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Muscle actions:
- Eccentric
- Isometric
- Concentric
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Eccentric contraction
- the lengthening of a muscle
- -a negative, work is being done on the muscle
- -moving in same direction as the resistance.
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Isometric contraction
- a muscle maintaining a certain length (exerts force equal to that placed on it)
- -no visible movement
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concentric
- shortening of a muscle. (exerts more force than is being placed on it)
- -moving in opposite direction of force
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Force:
an influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or decceleration of the second object.
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length tension relationship
the length at which a muscle can produce the greatest force
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force couple
muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
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rotarty motion
movement of the bones around the joints
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torque
a force that produces rotation
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motor behavior
process of the body responding to internal and external stimuli
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motor control
study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences
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synergies
groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement
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proprioception
the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements
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senssorimotor integration
the cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering information, interpreting, and executing movement
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motor learning
repeated practice of motor control processes which lead to a change in the ability to produce complex movements
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feedback
the use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the kinetic chain in motor learning.
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internal feedback
the process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the envrionment
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external feedback
information provided by some external source, such as a health pro, videotape, mirror, heart rate monitorto supplement internal envrionment
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