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one of the two major divisions of geography. It is the spatial analysis of human pouplation, its cultures, its activities, and landscapes.
Human Geography
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the expansion of economic, political, and cultrual processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact
globalization
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any event that is observable
phenomena
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study of the physcial phnomena of the earth
physcial geography
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refers to the area of apce on the earth
spatial (geographic)
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physcial location of geographic phenomenon across space e.g. Look at all of the Burger Kings in Miami
spatial distribution
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the resluting theme of a spatial distribution map. e.g. All the Burger Kings that are located on major streets.
pattern
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mapping the distribution of disease by location
medical geography
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world wide outbreak of disease
pandemic
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regional outbreak of disease
epidemic
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observing variation in geographic phenomenon across space
spatial perspective
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List the five themes of geography
- a. LOCATION: how and why geographical position affects people adn things.
- b. HUMAN ENVIROMENT INTERACTION: the relationship between humans amd the physical world or any other phenomena
- C. REGION: an area on the earths surface marked by common pheomena.
- D. PLACE: a unique location
- E. MOVEMENT: the mobility of goods, people, and ideas across the surface of the plannet
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interaction between different spatial areas
spatial interaction
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measure of physcial space
Distance
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degree of ease with which it is possible to access one location from another ( how hard it is to get from one place to another)
Accessibility
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the degree of linkage between two spaces via transportation
connectivity
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the material character of a plate, the complex of natural features human structures and other tangible objects that give a place a tangeable form
landscape
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the impact of human activity on a landscape (think of buliding a bridge)
cultural landscape
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the imprint of various generations on the landscape (how each generation affects the landscape)
sequent occupance
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art and science of making maps
cartography
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show the location of places and geographic figures
reference maps
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mapes that tell stories typically showing the degree of some attribute of the movement of a geographic phenomeon
thematic maps
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locations determined by a frame of reference
absolute location
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satellite system for absolute location
global positioning system
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a treasure hunt game played by people using the GPS system
geocaching
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describes a place in relation to humam or physcial features
relative location
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map you have in your mind (giving someone directions invloves this)
mental map
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places were we go in our daily life (e.g. PACE or your house)
activity space
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sensing data by satellite balloon or aircraft
remote sensing
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stored data from GPS and other sources allowing geographers to compare a vareity of data
Geograpic information systems
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invlovment of playes at other scales to generate support for a position or intiative e.g. going on the web for support
rescale
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region defined by physical and/or cultural traits
formal regions
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a region defined by a series of activities or interactions that occur within it
functional region
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regions that exsit primaily in the mind of the individual. e.g. american culture means different things to different people
perceptual region
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socially transmitted patterns of actions and expressions that include material objects (dwellings clothing tools, etc.) adn non-material things (belifs, languages, etc.)
culture
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a single attribute of a culture
culture trait
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a related set of culture traits
culture complex
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an area where cultural traits devlop and from where the defuse
cultural hearth
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traits that exist in other cultures but devloped independantly from each other
independant invention
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the process by which an idea or innovation is spread from it cultural hearth to other places
cultural diffusion
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the theory that the further ( both in time adn space) an idea travels from its point of origin, the less likely it is to be adopted by a new culture
time-distance decay
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current ideas or attitudes that ender new ideas unacceptable or unadoptable e.g. eating pork is forbiddenin Muslim countries and this is not likely to change.
cultrual barrier
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an idea or innovation remains strong at its cultrual hearth while still expanding outward
expansion diffsion
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spread of an idea or innovation which affects all neighboring areas
contaigous diffusion
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spread of an idea or innovation through specific individuals e.g. Harry Potter and Twlight series not everyone likes them yet they have spread world wide
hierarchical diffusion
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a cultural adaptation occurs because of the introduction of as a cultural trait e.g. Japanese Anime
stimulus diffusion
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spread of an idea that the natural environment has a controling influence over varrious aspects of human life including cultural devleopment
relocation diffusion
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ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering questions
geographic concept
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the idea that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultrual devlopment.
environmental determinism
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lines connecting points of equal temperature values
isotherm
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human decision making is the crucial factor in clutural development. often seen in contrarst to environmental determinism
possibilism
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study of culture as a sysrtem of adaptation to environment
cultural ecology
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study of the environmental consequence of dominatge political-economis arragements and understanding.
political ecology
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