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Marasmus
- Protein calorie malnutrition, prolonged starvation
- Muscle wasting, loss of subQ fat
- Common causes: anorexia, bowel obstruction, cancer cachexia, chronic illness
-
Pellagra
- From NIACIN deficiency
- Pigmented keratotic scaling of skin
- More prominent in areas exposed to sun
-
Scorbutic Gums
- From Vit C deficiency
- Swollen, ulcerated, bleeding gums
-
Follicular Hyperkeratosis
- Associated with Vit A or Essential Fatty Acid (like linoleic) deficiency
- Dry, bumpy skin
-
Kwashiorkor
- Diets mostly carb, little protein
- Children and adults
- Edema/third-spacing (low oncotic pressure due to protein def)
-
Rickets
Due to Vitamin D and Calcium deficiency
-
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- 80% of all skin CA
- In LOWEST (think BASE) level of epidermis
- Perly white/translucent
- Slow growing, rarely mets
-
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- 16% of all skin CA
- Upper layer of epidermis
- Scaly, red, inflamed, ulcerated
- May mets (but not usually)
-
Actinic Keratosis
- Scaling, yellowish, waxy macules and papules
- Often on forehead, scalp
- Must watch for development of skin cancers
-
Melanoma
- 4% of skin cancers
- Arise from pigment producing melanocytes
- Most lethal b/c spreads rapidly
- Risk: 1 in 49 for MEN; 1 in 73 for WOMEN
-
Candida
- In skin folds
- Like diaper rash
-
Eczema
- Erythematous, papules and vesicles
- May ooze and crust
- Sites: scalp, forehead, cheeks, wrists, elbows, backs of knees
- Family hx of allergies
-
Psoriasis
- Scaly, erythematous patch w/ silvery scales on top
- Sites: scalp, outsides of elbows, knees, lower back & anogenital areas
-
Vitiligo
- MJ!
- Patches of depigmentation
- Depigmented MACULES on face, hands, feet, and extensor surfaces
- May be hereditary
-
Cafe au Lait Spot
- Uniformly pigmented macule w/ slightly irreg border
- 6+ w/ over 1.5 cm diameter may mean neurofibromatosis
-
Tinea Versicolor
- Hypopigmented fungal infection on trunk, neck, upper arms
- Responds well to anti-fungal tx
- Common
-
Carotemia
- Carrots! Etc.
- Unlike jaundice, sclera is white
-
-
Herpes
- See fluid-filled vesicles
- Clustering in simplex?
-
Impetigo
- Scars... arising from injuries or disease
- Commonly on face, around mouth
-
-
Pityriasis Rosea
- Viral
- Generally just on trunk
- Normally starts w/ one big lesion
- Generally gone in 5-6 wks
-
Ichthyosis Vulgaris
Dried residue of skin exudates (pus, blood, serum)
-
Seborrhea
- = cradle cap
- Thick yellow to white greasy adherent scales on scalp and forehead
- Can use soft comb or brush to get it out
- Generally goes away
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