Which of the following features is not a characteristic of arthropods? Segmentation, a chitinous exoskeleton, modified appendages, a hydrostatic skeleton
a hydrostatic skeleton
Insects belong to the _______________ arthropod subgroup.
uniramians
The coelom forms from foldings of the archenteron is a _______________ character.
deuterostome
The ______________ are classified with the bilateria because they are bilaterally symmetrical during early development.
echinoderms
The different modes of ___________ development distinguish echinoderms from arthropods.
embryonic
Echinodermata are most closel related to ___________.
vertebrates
_______________ have the greatest diversity of animal species.
Arthropoda
Which of the following is not a characteristic of most members of uniramians? compound eyes, jaw-like mandibles, one pair of sensory antennae, branched appendages
branched appendages
____________ and _____________ are classified as both bilateria and deutrostome.
Echinodermata, Chordata
If you discover an animal that has two major body segments and a pair of feeding appendages that look like chelicerae, it could be a _______________.
spider
A body cavity with muscle on one side only can be one of the consequences of the ____________________ body plan.
pseudocoelomate
Walking around barefoot could increase the risk of catching what parasitic infection?
hookworm infection
CLM is caused by hookworms devouring _______________.
intestines
_____________ and __________________ both have a body cavity lined with tissue derived from the mesoderm.
Protostomes, deuterostomes
The nautilus, with its head surrounded by tentacles, is a member of the Class ______________.
Cephalopoda
Bivalves lack a _________ which is a common mollusk feature.
radula
___________ and _____________ both have a body cavity.
Leeches and roundworms
A terrestrial mollusk without a shells belongs to Class _______________.
Gastropoda
True or False: Earthworms have specialization among the segments.
False
Roundworms are part of the phylum _____________.
Nematoda
A sponge's ingestive form of ___________ is evidence supporting the idea that a spong is actually an animal.
nutrition
A lack of coordination among ____ in a spong is evidence supporting the colonial character of sponges.
cells
True of False: Cnidarians have muscle tissue derived from the mesoderm.
False
The ___________ of a jellyfish can sting you.
nematocyst
Between the zygote and developing and polyp stages, Obelia exists as a ______.
planula
Bilateria are further adapted for detecting __________ than the radiata because they are triploblastic.
movement
If a bilaterally symmetrical organism swims past you, the last thing you see is its ____________.
posterior
All platyhelminthes lack a _________.
coelom
When the snail-eating cichlid fish of Lake Malawi declined in number, scientists expected to see an ______ in the incidence of schistomiasis.
increase
___________ and ______________ both have a gut with a single opening.
Cnidarians and flatworms
__________ are the cells in a sponge that are used to trap food particles from circulating water.
Choanocytes
In order to reduce the incidence of schistosomiasis in a human population, scientists could reduce the freshwater _______ population.
snail
The sea anemone ________ is nonexistent.
brain
According to Wang, Kumar, & Hedges, animals evolved _________ million years ago.
1200
Scienctists were able to estimate when animals evolved by examining _______ rates from the kingdom Animalia.
DNA mutation rates
Based on the phylogenetic tree, did flatworms or roundworms originate first?
flatworms
Radially symmetrical organisms (starfish) are placed in bilateria because they possess three distinct tissue layers during ____________ development.
embryonic
True or False: If an unkown organism exudes a fluid when you make a cut in its side you can conclude that it is not an acoelomate.
True
True or False: Only "true" coelomates can move their intestinal tracts independently of their outer walls.
True
An organism with three embryonic tissue types belongs to the __________.
bilateria
Human beings and rottweiler dogs have what type of development? determinate or indeterminate
indeterminate
Protostomes and deutrostomes both have a ___________ lined completely with mesoderm-derived tissue.
body cavity
True or False: A fluid-filled body cavity cannot serve as a storage compartment for food.
True
True or False: Organisims with radial symmetry would likely not exhibit much motility.
True
____________ nutrition is not considered characteristic of Kingdom Animalia.
autotrophic
Multicellular animals that lack true tissues belong to the ____________.
parazoa
The production of large numbers of easily dispersed spores in _________ and ___________ modes of reproduction allows fungi to be successful decomposers, pathogens, and symbionts.
sexual, asexual
An _________ can produce asexual conidia in the haploid state making meiosis recombination nonessential for survival.
ascomycete
True or False: Some basidiomycetes produce microscopic basidiocarps that don't resemble gilled mushrooms.
True
The formation of a dikaryon is a life cycle feature shared by __________________ and _______________.
ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
What phylum of fungi can turn grape juice into wine via yeast fermentation?
Ascomycota
True or False: Basidiomycetes are not autotrophs.
True
The phylum Basidiomycota is distinguished from the phylum Ascomycota because ___________ produce their sexual spores in sacks of 4-8.
ascomycetes
Fungi secrete digestive enzymes to break down their food outside of their cells and absorb the digested products. This is called _________ nutrition.
Absorptive
An ascus contains ____ ascospores (as opposed to 4) after meiosis because the four haploid ascospores undergo an additional round of mitosis after meiosis is complete.
8
The pharyngeal slits of fish are modified for ________ exchange.
gas
True or False: Chordates have backbones.
False
________ describes when mature adults retain characterisitcs that were larval in their ancestors.
paedomorphosis
A __________ is an exclusively chordate characteristic that adult fish retain.
postanal tail
The vetebral column forms the axial _____________.
endoskeleton
True or False: Adult cephalochordates retain pharyngeal slits, a postanal tail and a notochord, and a dorsal hollow nerve cord.
True
Vertebrate features (a backbone, and a closed circulatory system) are suited for _______.
locomotion
The evolution of jaws from existing endoskeletal pharyngeal elements is an example of _______.
exaptation
Tetrapod refers to an animal's __________.
limbs
True or False: Humans are placental.
True
True or False: Name the order the basic vertebrate features (5) developed.
vertebrae, jaws, legs, amniotic egg, hair
The fins of a fish and the legs of a dog are _________.
homologous
True or False: Fungi have a filamentous body, fungal hyphae may be portioned by septa, but the cytoplasm can move through these partitions, and haustoria are able to penetrate host cells. These are all adaptations to help fungi feed by absorption.
True
Karyogamy results in a fungal individual that is __________.
diploid
In a lichen, a fungus can live symbiotically with a _________.
green alga
Plasmogamy refers to the fusion of ____________.
plasma membranes
If you find an organism that has hyphal cells and spores are produced at the ends of the hyphae in groups of eight you can conluce that the organism belongs to the _________.
Ascomycota
The presence of a chitinous cell wall, hyphae, and feeding by absorption are all traits of the Kingdon ________.
fungi
The protists in the group choanoflagellates are most similar in the structure to a type of cell, _______, found in sponges.
choanocytes
Endodermal tissue becomes the lining of the ___________________ in a fully developed animal.
digestive tract
You are studying the development of an animal and you find that the future mouth forms first, from the blastopore. This animal is a _________.
protostome
The platyhelminth Schistosoma is characterized by a life cycle with multiple ______.
hosts
True or False: A digestive tract with both a mouth and an anus is not seen in the platyhelminths.
True
Most diploblastic animals are radially ____________.
symmetrical
Gastrulation is remarkable because it is the stage when the first ________ forms.
cavity
Members of the bilateria are all _______________.
triploblastic
True or False: Protostome development is not a feature of the phylum Chordata.
True
Protosome animals have ____________ cleavage and ______________ cells, while deuterstomes have ___________ cleavage and ________ cells.
spiral, determinate, radial, indeterminate
True or False: Jellyfish are not members of the Bilateria.
True
True or False: A spider is not a a mollusk.
True
The animal phyla __________ has the greatest species diversity.