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Gastrocnemius
- Origin: Posterior condyles of femur
- Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
- Innervation: Tibial n.
- Actions: Flexes the knee and plantar flees the ankle
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Soleus
- Origin: Soleal line and posterior surface of tibia; prox., post. surface of fibula
- Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
- Innervation: Tibial n.
- Actions: Plantar flexes the ankle (talocrural joint)
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Tibialis Posterior
- Origin: Prox. post. shaft of tibia, prox. fibula, interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Navicular, cuneiform, cuboid bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
- Innervation: Tibial n.
- Actions: Inverts foot, plantar flexes ankle
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Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Origin: Middle posterior surface of tibia
- Insertion: Distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
- Innervation: Tibial n.
- Actions: Flexes 2nd-5th toes, weak plantar flexion of ankle, inverts foot
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Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Origin: Middle half of post. fibula
- Insertion: Distal phalanx of 1st toe
- Innervation: Tibial n.
- Actions: Flexes 1st toe, weak plantar flexion fo ankle, inverts foot
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Tibialis Anterior
- Origin: Lat. condyle of tibia, prox. lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform, base of 1st metacarpal
- Innervation: Peroneal n.
- Actions: Inverts foot, dorsiflexes ankle
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Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Origin: Lat. condyle of tibia, prox. anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
- Innervation: Peroneal n.
- Actions: Extends 2nd-5th toes, dorsiflexes ankle, and everts foot
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Origin: Middle anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Distal phalanx of 1st toe
- Innervation: Peroneal n.
- Actions: Extends the 1st toe, dorsiflexes the ankle, inverts the foot
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Peroneus Longus
- Origin: Proximal 2/3 of lat. fibula
- Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal of medial cuneiform
- Innervation: Peroneal n.
- Actions: Everts the foot, assists in plantar flexion of the ankle
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Peroneus Brevis
- Origin: Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
- Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal, medial cuneiform
- Innervation: Peroneal n.
- Actions: Everts foot, assists in plantar flexion of ankle
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis
- Origin: Calcaneus
- Insertion: Toes 2-4 via extensor digitorum longus tendons
- Innervation: Peroneal n.
- Actions: Extends 2nd-4th toes
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Flexor Digitorum Brevis
- Origin: Calcaneus
- Insertion: Middle phalanges of 2nd-4th toes
- Innervation: Plantar n.
- Actions: Extends 2nd-4th toes
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Abductor Hallucis
- Origin: Calcaneus
- Insertion: Prox. phalange on 1st toe, medial sesamoid bone
- Innervation: Medial plantar
- Actions: Abducts 1st toe, assists in flexion of 1st toe
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Abductor Digiti Minimi
- Origin: Calcaneus
- Insertion: Prox. phalange of 5th toe
- Innervation: Lateral plantar
- Actions: Flexes 5th toe, assists in abduction of 5th toe
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Plantaris
- Origin: Lateral epicondyle of femur
- Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
- Innervation: Tibial n.
- Actions: Weak plantar flexion of the ankle
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Popliteus
- Origin: Lateral condyle of femur
- Insertion: Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
- Innervation: Tibial n.
- Actions: Medially rotates the flexed knee, flexes the knee
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Sartorius
- Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
- Insertion: Proximal, medial shaft of tibia (pes anserinus tendon)
- Innervation: Femoral n.
- Actions: Flexes, laterally rotates, abducts hip (coxal joint), flexes and medially rotates flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint)
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Psoas Major
- Proximal Attachment: Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processs of all lumbar vertebrae
- Distal Attachment: Lesser trochanter of femur
- Innervation: Anterior rami of lumbar nerve (L1-L3)
- Actions: Flexes thigh at hip joint and stabilizes joint; control deviation of trunk, active during standing (postural)
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Iliacus
- Proximal Attachment: Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
- Distal Attachment: Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it
- Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
- Actions: Flexes thigh at hip joint and stabilizes joint
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Rectus Femoris
- Proximal Attachment: Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
- Distal Attachment: Via common quadriceps tendon and indipendent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
- Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Actions: extends leg at knee joint, steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
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Vastus Lateralis
- Proximal Attachment: Greater trochanter and lateral tip of linea aspera
- Distal Attachment: Via common quadriceps tendon and indipendent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
- Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Actions: Extends leg at knee joint
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Vastus Medialis
- Proximal Attachment: Intertrochanteric line and medial tip of linea aspera of femur
- Distal Attachment: Via common quadriceps tendon and indipendent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
- Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Actions: Extend leg at knee joint
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Vastus Intermedius
- Proximal Attachment: Anterior lateral surface of shaft of femur
- Distal Attachment: Via common quadriceps tendon and indipendent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
- Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Actions: Extends leg at knee joint
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Biceps Femoris
- Origin: Long head - Ischial Tuberosity; Short head - Lat. Lip of linea aspera
- Insertion: Head of fibula
- Innervation: Peroneal and sciatic nn.
- Actions: Flex & laterally rotate flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint), extend & laterally rotate hip (coxal joint), tilt pelvis posteriorly
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Semitendinosus
- Origin: ischial Tuberosity
- Insertion: Proximal medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinum tendon
- Innervation: Sciatic n.
- Actions: Flex & medially rotates flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint), extend & medially rotate hip (coxal joint), tilt pelvis posteriorly
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Semimembranosus
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
- Innervation: Sciatic n.
- Actions: Actions: Flex & medially rotates flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint), extend & medially rotate hip (coxal joint), tilt pelvis posteriorly
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Gluteus Maximus
- Origin: Coccyx, posterior sacrum,posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments
- Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity (upper fibers) and iliotibial tract (lower fibers)
- Innervation: Gluteal n.
- Actions: Extends the hip (coxal joint), laterally rotates the hip (coxal joint), lower fibers adduct the hip (coxal joint)
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Gluteus Medius
- Origin: External surface of the ilium between iliac crest and posterior and anterior gluteal lines
- Insertion: Greater trochanter
- Innervation: Gluteal n.
- Actions: Abducts the hip (coxal joint), flexes the hip (coxal joint), extends the hip (coxal joint), may medially rotate and laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint)
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Gluteus Minimus
- Origin: External surface of the ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
- Insertion: Anterior border of greater trochanter
- Innervation: Gluteal n.
- Actions: Abducts the hip (coxal joint), medially rotates the hip (coxal joint), flexes the hip (coxal joint)
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Adductor Longus
- Origin: Pubic tubercle
- Insertion: Medial lip of linea aspera
- Innervation: Obturator n.
- Actions: Adduct, medially rotate, assist to flex hip (coxal joint)
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Adductor Brevis
- Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis
- Insertion: Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
- Innervation: Obturator n.
- Actions: Adduct, medially rotate, assist to flex hip (coxal joint)
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Adductor Magnus
- Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, and ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle
- Innervation: Obturator n.
- Actions: Adduct, medially rotate, assist to flex hip (coxal joint); flexes and medially rotates knee (tibiofemoral joint), post. fibers extend hip (coxal joint)
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Pectineus
- Origin: Superior ramus of pubis
- Insertion: Pectineal line of femur
- Innervation: Obturator n.
- Actions: Adduct, medially rotate, assist to flex hip (coxal joint)
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Gracilis
- Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
- Insertion: Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
- Innervation: Obturator n.
- Actions: Adduct, medially rotate hip
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Tensor Fasciae Latae
- Origin: Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS
- Insertion: Iliotibial tract
- Innervation: Gluteal n.
- Actions: Flexes hip (coxal joint), medially rotates the hip (coxal joint), abducts the hip (coxal joint)
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Obturator Externus
- Proximal Attachment: Mergins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
- Distal Attachment: Trochanteric fossa of femur
- Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
- Actions: Laterally rotates thigh, steadies head of femur in acetabulum
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Piriformis
- Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
- Insertion: Greater trochanter
- Innervation: Sacral n.
- Actions: Laterally rotates hip (coxal joint), abducts thigh when the hip is flexed
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Obturator Internus
- Origin: Obturator membrane and pelvic surface
- Insertion:Medial surface of greater trochanter
- Innervation: Obturator n.
- Actions: Laterally rotates hip (coxal joint)
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Superior Gemellus
- Origin: Spine of ischium
- Insertion: Upper border of greater trochanter
- Innervation: Sacral n.
- Actions: Laterally rotates hip (coxal joint)
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Inferior Gemellus
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Upper border of greater trochanter
- Innervation: Sacral n.
- Actions: Laterally rotates hip (coxal joint)
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