Test 4 review

Can the federal govt prohibit slavery in the territories?

• CA- free state
• NM- territory- slavery
• UT-Territory
• TX-> $10M to scale back boarders
• federal $ to capture runaway slaves
• slave auctions end in D.C.

• Southern Congressmen
• want to stop compromising on the issue of slavery

let the people vote in each state on slavery

• another convention is held here
• Free state is the winner
• 2 of everything
• 1861 kansas is admitted

• first state under the Kansas-Nebraska Act,
•   vote for free state or slave state
• slave state won only
• 5,000 illegal voters from Missouri told by David Actchenson

• John Brown
• Abolitionist turn violent
• took 5 pro-slavery household, taken to creek, remains left on side of river
• attacking slave owners

• Charles Sumner
• blaming each other for the violence breaking out
• gave speech compared that slavery is to dating a skank (harlet)
• Preston Brooks attacks him with a hickory cane, didn't return to his chair for 3 yrs, congress gets little accomplished due to the arming of each other

they were loosing power in the North, Deomcrats headed South to support slavery

• his owner took him to Minnesota/ Wisconsin
• Wis.-NW ordinance of 1787
• Minnesota- Missouri compromise 1820
• sues-because in areas where slavery is prohibited

• 1. citizenship is granted by: state THEN nation (he is property)
• 2. No blacks could ever be US citizens
• 3. 36-30 is unconstitutional (because it deprives people of property) (take your horse = cant take slave)
• -opens all areas to slavery

• stage an attack, place where they make weapons
• seize weapons,distribute to slaves (up rising break out)
• Oct 16 ,the people faught back, he can't escape
• the army shows up  Robert E Lee

• Can the federal govt prohibit slavery in territories?
• Splits the Democratic Party
• S.Douglas-yes
• J.Breckenbridge-NO

• Had not held office since 48', so he has no voting record
• -private citizen each time

• all slave states
• Kentucky-proclaimed neutral
• Missouri-occupied by Union Army
• Delware-no secession movement (slavestates that havent seceded)
• Maryland- Lincoln threat to arrest state leg if they secede

• 1. Suspension of Habeas Corpus
• 2."an insurrection/rebellion" has broken out beyond the ability of local police to solve (never a war to Lincoln)
• 3. orders blockade of Southern Coast

• Union-Anaconda Plan                             
• blockade Southern Coast
• Seize MS and TN rivers
• cut and squeeze

• Confederacy-defensive              
• Keep Union out                              
• bleed union                                      
• gain recognition from BR and FR

• Union had it- Confederacy wanted it
• South Carolina
• 16k -40% quit to join Confederacy
• -no maps of the south
• 40 ships Navy
• April 12,1861 Confederates fire onto it

• confederate victory
• retreated back to D.C.
• broker the idea that it was gonna be a quick war

• the first submarine- H.L. Hunley, no torpeedos, only able to leave mines next to other ships
• iron clads

• two iron clads
• CSA "merrimac"___X____ Union "monitor"  draw
• march 8, 1862
• -no more wooden ships

• Sep
• liberate from Union control
• impress FR and BR to say CSA can fight

• pefection- looking for perfect moment
• over estimates enemy strength 40K vs 60K troops
• afraid of Lee and Stonewall Jackson

• refusal to obey a direct order from president
• case of the slows
• inability to press
• if he would have sent in the troops on time

• War is being fought to preserve the Union,
• not to end slavery.

• Any property being used to aid the Rebellion
• can be seized
• Example: slaves growing crops helps the
• Rebellion
• Loophole: quit fighting and the South can
• keep its slaves.

• All rebel property, regardless of its use,
• can be seized.
• Loophole: quit fighting and keep the slaves.

• Issued September 22, 1862-five days after Antietam
• All persons engaged in Rebellion as of January 1, 1863 will have their slaves freed.  This justified emancipation for military reasons.
• Loophole: if the South quits, they can keep their slaves.

• Owner and editor of New York Tribune
• Editorial-”Prayer of 20 Million” urging
• immediate emancipation.

• Horace Greeley
• editorial urging immediate emancipation slaves
• Lincoln is moving too slow

• bonds 15M
• Taxes wasnt enforced that much
• printing money 1861: 120M , 1862: 400M
• inflation caused by Confederacy

• Tax collection was strict
• bonds 1.5B
• Legal Tender Act of 1862 print 447M
• they had CA gold

• they wanted restore trust in banks
• cash in the war bonds

Congress turned on the printing press, authorized govt to print 447M

• a person who is against Lincoln,
• lives in the Union
• most times D

• each state assigned a quota, state tries to reach quota with volunteers,
• failed to reach quota then draft

• hire substitute
• pay $300 fee/ each time

• yes poor people and forcing them into the army
• fighting to free slaves

farm and farm labor

billboard had list of dead next to the list of the draftees

• the confederacy said you are exempt if you own 20 more slaves aka Planters
• states troops weren't allowed to leave the states

• An attempt to force Britain or France to recognize the Confederacy as a nation
• Create an artificial cotton shortage
• Leads to higher unemployment in Britain & France
• Unemployment leads to an increase in social problems such crime, prostitution, etc.
• These problems will force Britain and France to recognize the Confederacy and thus resume cotton shipments

• Egyptian cotton was abundant
• European crop failures forced Europe to import Yankee wheat
• British and French working classes willing to suffer if it meant the end of slavery in the United States.

Pickett's charge- really really flat land,exposed land, nothing to hide behind

Grant has 5 little wars go off at once, Lee wasnt able to move troops along like he did in the other war

The Union general in the Western area of the Vicksburg

Grant doesnt retreat

Hood is temporarily unsuited to command

City of Savannah, Georgia

• 1.Sherman can cut his supply line and move his army faster.
• 2.Taking supplies from civilians inflicts terror on the civilian population.  Union Army burns what they cannot consume

• Lee needs to escape to this area
• being hounded by Union which is following him
• no food, just records of the Union

• if the situation was ever hopeless,( take to the moutains,)
• Lee should break up his army and create Gorilla warfare (breaking up his army)

• surrender artillery, (keep own weapons)
• keep personal animals (donkey, horse,ox)
• paroled and sent home(as long as they dont rise up they will be ok)

• 2-Economic Reconstruction
• North and West-experienced an economic boom that did not end until 1929 and was fueled by
• gold
• demographic changes-14M immigrants will come to US 1865-1890 most of the settle in North
• Manufacturing stimulated by the war, finds expanding markets through the immigrants and new products (soap, shoes)

• 2-Economic Reconstruction part B
• South
• Everything of value-land and slaves is gone
• b4 war 75% of the rural South owned the land they farmed
• after those same people dont own the land they farm
• in certain states, remained uncompleted until after WWII

• 3-Social reconstruction
• The accommodation of former slaves into a free status and the process of defining their roles in society. Some argue that this aspect of Reconstruction is incomplete

• 1-Political Reconstruction
• A. the individual state is once again represented in Congress. Texas was the last state readmitted to the Union in the summer of 1870
• During reconstruction, white Southerns are not US citizens so three classes of people will dominate the political vacuum in the former Confederate states: Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, Free Blacks

redemption- Occurs when local whites in a state take back control of the local state government

• also known as the 10% plan 1863,
• 10% of the people in a particular state who voted in 1860 must take a future loyalty oath, and then they can elect delegates for a state constitutional convention and submit the new constitution to Congress. NO reparations or apologies are necessary
• purpose: to show the South how easy it would be to come back to the Union

• 1864  50% of the white males in a new census must sign a retroactive and future loyalty oath before a state constitutional convention can form
• problem: anybody who soldiered, paid taxes, used confederate money, sold crops to the confederacy or gave any sign of allegiance to the Confederacy could not sign

1865 Radial Rep., he shifted do to racism, inability to compromise

• 1 states never really left- president set terms
• 2 states had commit suicide- congress would decide when the states are going to return

• blk voting/ citizenship
• racism
• inability to compromise

• literate blacks be allowed to vote for the state constitution delegated
• all the confederate states used this plan but created blackcodes

• all a former Confederate state had to do was ratify the amendment to be readmitted into the Union
• 3 Sections:
• -people born in the US or naturalized are citizens of the US first and their state second
• -if a state denies suffrage to any male citizen, then its representatives will be denied their vote in Congress
• -Invalidated the Confederate was debt, which denied the Confederacy's existence, TN was the only state to ratify it, amendment ratified in 1868

The ten remaining states were divided into 5 military districts and occupied by the Union Army whose purpose was to register voters (more blacks were registered then whites) The states then went through the process of writing and voting a new constitution to send off to Congress

impeached for crimes a normal person

he is using his power to the point of abuse

• poll taxes
• literacy exams
• grandfather laws- have to prove your gpa voted in 1860 (cant happen for blks)

outlwas slavery

all a former confederate state had to do was ratify the amendment to be readmitted into the Union

• last one for almost 50yrs
• cannot deny a person to vote based on race, color, or previous condition (slavery)

Northerners who moved to the South to take advantage of the political and economic vacuum

Southerners who got little crumbs of power from the Carpetbaggers

• nov 1866 mid term elections Johnson goes out and gives speeches, got into screaming matches, trading insults,
• didnt look presidential

Occurs when local whites in a state take back control of the local state government

• restored US citizenship to all former confederates EXCEPT Robert E. Lee and
• us citizenship
• run for office
• vote

Under the black codes from the Johnson Plan, blacks would be unable to sue whites or give testimony against them