Biology Exam 5

Change in the environmental condidions from one extreme or another

Traits best for survival are passed on

Father of Evolution

a given member of a population is not equally likely to mate as another given member. They are considered to be the fittest and will mate more often with more mates

• Hibernation (Bears)
• Mating choices (Birds/ songs)

• Anatomy is suited for the organisms environment
• (Ducks webbed feet)

Inheritance is acquired. Charateristics of organisms that have changed over time could pass that change on to their offspring

13 kinds of finches all with common ancestors, beak sizes, and shapes.

• Humans have intervened
• (Selection and domestication of dogs)

A large enviromental disaster that causes things to change

Gray and white blend in with birch covered trees. Dark moths blended in better after the soot killed the lichen.

Have similar structures.

• Have similar functions but are developed differently.
• (Butterfly wings vs bat wings)

a change in the genetic code. This can be lethal, neutral, or beneficial

Development of an organism prior to birth

Splits populations into 2 groups

Favors those with AVERAGE traits

• Stailizing selection
• Directional selection
• Disruptive selection

• appendages - exoskeleton
•                   - endoskeleton

• no appendages - shell
•                       - no shell

A couple who are studying the galapagos island finches. They have found that evolution can occure far quicker than Darwin believed

There is always diversity in the gene pool within a species

how genetic information changes what traits show up more often

Allows for survival

How the body works with its environment.

(Koala bears eat toxic plants that slow their heart rate, lower body temp, and cause them to more slowly. This helps them survive the heat)

Beneficial traits will be passed from generation to generation, from population to population

Structures that are present but are no longer needed.

(snakes legs and vampire bat molers)

Those who are the fittest will mate and reproduce offspring with favorable traits

Imprints of structures within rock

• "Survival of the fittest"
• A researcher of evolution

• Radiometric dating
• Fossils
• Comparative morphology and embryological development

• Mutation
• Gene flow
• Genetic drift
• Nonrandom mating
• Natural selection

Best adaptive traits

Survival of the fittest. The best traits will be passed on.

• Are similar in structure as well as embryolical development.
• (Bat wings vs bird wings)

Carbon 14 dating. Radioactive substances break down into 1/2 lives

sever reduction in population. Small populations limit the gene pool and increase the changes for genetic disorders

Species in new environment will favor certain traits

A chance altering

Interbreeding populations which produce viable offspring.

Keeps the species separate

Prevents the sperm from fertilizing the egg

Not physically compatible. (If it doesn't fit, it won't work)

Behaviors are different. (If it has the wrong song and/or dance, it won't work)

Species breed at different times, keeping the species seperate.

Egg and sperm cannot fuse. (The sperm has the wrong enzymes to get through the egg wall)

Different habitats. (they aren't near one another to breed)

Offspring may not survive or can be sterile

Hybrid offspring fails to survive to maturity

Hybrid offspring are sterile or have reduced fertility

Species separated by geography will change over time. (Darwins finches)

1 group of finches turned into 13 different species because of the the environment (the island). The fittest traits for survival were passed to offspring causing the change

Over time species change due to adapting to the new environments

Gene pool is separated from the original gene pool due to changes that occur over time

fittest for environment survive to breed those characteristic to offspring

Absence of geologic separation. (Fruit flies/hawthrones)

symbiotic relationships (Mimicry)

Chemical makeup is similar. Horseshoe crab has the same blood chemistry as spiders

DNA

Death of last of a species

• Habitat destruction
• Competition

Father of Taxonomy

Classification system based on homologous structures

• 2 term naming system (In latin)
• Genus species-identification system

(Man) (Modern day)

• Animal
• Plant
• Protist
• Fungi
• Monera

• Heterotrophs
• Multicellular
• Eukaryote

• Autotrophs (self feeders)
• Multicellular
• Eukaryote

• Heterotrophs
• Autotrophs
• Unicellular
• Eukaryote

• Heterotrophs
• Plant like
• Multicellular
• Eukaryote

• Bacteria & viruses
• Prokaryotes
• (REMEMBER: When you are sick with bacteria and viruses, you moan, and protest against taking medicine )

• Archaea
• Bacteria
• Eukarya

• Ancient bacteria
• Prokaryotes
• (members of AA singing karaoke)

• Modern bacteria
• Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes divided into animal, plant, protist, and fungi kingdoms

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order Family
• Genus
• Species
• (Did ken puke chunks of fried green spam)

Systematic way to identify organisms using their structures

Animalia

Chordata (notochord)

(You file data)

• Mammalia (Hair and mammary glands)
• (When you fix yo hurr, yous a class mama)

• Primate (Binocular vision, opposable thumbs)
• (If you order a primate online, you better use your binoculars to look for the po'po comin for you)

Himinidae (walk upright)

• Homo (man like)
• (Holy homo genus)

Sapien (modern day)