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What are the effects of massage?
- 1. Mechanical
- 2. Physiological
- 3. Psychological
- 4. Reflex
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Describe the mechanical impact of massage
- The effects are derived from using pressure, pumping and stretching a particular area
- This affects the chemical composition
- Mechanically stretching generally improves them
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Describe the physiological impact of massage
- Massage effects the functioning of the tissues
- Improving drainage of venous blood and lymph
- Improving nutrition
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Describe the psychological impact of massage
- Massage brings about the 'feel good' factor
- Satisfying the need for caring and nurturing, reducing pain and anxiety, increasing feelings of being able to cope, and increasing awareness of self
- Particularly beneficial for people with poor body image or for those udnergoing medical treatments
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Describe the reflex impact of massage
- Zone lines run through the body, which divide into reflex points, mapping out different areas of the body. Massaging the feet will have profound effects because of this - reflexology
- Reflex also refers to nervous system, where massage will increase muscle tone and stimulate peristalsis
- Reflex arcs occur at the spinal level, where massage will effect all tissues supplied by the spinal nerves
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Describe the general beneficial effects of massage
- Improved ciculation - more oxygenated blood, nutrition brought to the systems and more waste extracted
- Improved healing - improved circulation
- Reduction in pain - massage stimulates the brain to release natural pain killers
- Anxiety reduction - relaxation and anxiety cannot coexist, which helps the individual to realise that they can cope
- Relaxation effects - as the body lets go of accumulated tensions, it is able to work more efficiently as less demands being placed on it
- More energy - tension traps energy and massage encourages energy to flow, and with that improved circulation
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Body Terminology - Medial
The mid-line of the body
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Body Terminology - Lateral
At the side, away from the mid-line
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Body Terminology - Superior
Above, the upper of two parts
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Body Terminology - Inferior
Beloq, the lower of two parts
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Body Terminology - Origin
The attachment point of the muscle that is fixed
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Body Terminology - Insertion
The attachment point of the muscle that is moving
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Body Movement - Abductor
Where a limb is abducted from the body
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Body Movement - Adductor
Where a limb moves towards the mid-line of the body
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Body Movement - Plantarflexion
- Flexion of the foot towards the ground (plantar surface)
- Pointing the toes
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Body Movement - Dorsiflexion
Flexion of the foot towards the top of the foot
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Body Movement - Invertor
Muscle moves the foot medially
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Body Movement - Evertor
Muscle moves foot laterally
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Body Movement - Elevator
Muscle that raises a body part
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Body Movement - Depressor
Muscle that lowers a body part
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Body Movement - Lateral Flexion
Side bending
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What instances would you NOT MASSAGE due to contra-indications?
- Pins and needles or numbness between legs - ATTEND A&E
- If client is complaining of severe pain down BOTH legs - medical opinion (possible pathology)
- Change in bladder or bowel functions
- Incontinence of bladder or bowel
- Chronic indigestion
- Any unusual bleeding - coughing, vomiting, sexual intercourse, after menopause, bowel movements
- Constant nose bleeds
- Unexplained and undiagnosed lumps, swelling or bruising - anything that creates doubt
- Changes in moles and sores that do not heal
- Thrombosis - blood clot producing swelling and pain
- Calf pain with no history of injury and person has come off long distance flight train or car journey - thrombosis
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What areas should you be careful of when massaging?
- Front of neck
- Around umbilicus
- Kidney area
- Medial and later epicondyles of humerus
- Groin
- Just above breasts
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Name SYSTEMIC contra-indications where massage is not recommended anywhere
- In cases where the client has a fever (pyrexia) - flu, early stages of shingles, gastro-enteritis
- Cardiovascular conditions without permission from the doctor - hypertension (fine if controlled and stable), angina pectoris, heart failure
- Infectious diseases because of risk of spread
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Name GENERAL contra-indications where massage is not recommended
- In cases where there is diminished sensation - influence of drugs and alcohol
- Anti-coagulant therapy - a drug that prevents clots from increasing in size - obtain permission
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Name LOCAL contra-indications where massage must not be applied locally
- On acute conditions - sprained ankle
- Acute rheumatoid arthritis
- Over broken skin - proturbent varicose veins, cases of skin disease, broken skin, open wounds, burns, recent scars, latter stages of shingles or measles
- Over malignant tumour
- Over recently radiated skin - wait 3 months
- Over an elbow fracture - wait 3 months
- Over a contraceptive device in arm
- On clients who have had a local steroid injection - wait 3 months
- If myositis ossificans are indicated
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Name situations where females may not be massaged
- Over the abdomen during the first 3 days of menstruation or within 3 months of childbirth
- Over abdomen during pregnancy
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Name the 4 basic movements of massage
- Effeurage
- Friction
- Petrissage
- Tapotement
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What impact does effleurage have on the body?
- Slow and gentle movements soothe
- Brisker movements stimulate
- Warms up the muscle in preparation for deeper work
- Relieves congestion in tissues
- Soothes nerves
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What impact does friction have on the body?
- Breaks up inflammatory products
- Promotes the absorption of effusion - individual molecules
- Loosens adherent skin
- Breaks up scar tissue abd adhesions
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What impact does petrissage have on the body?
- Stimulates nerves
- Promotes the functional activity of skin
- Accelerates venous and lymphatic circulations - bringing a larger supply of arterial to the part under treatment
- Heat production, absorption and elimination are increased
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What impact does tapotment have on the body?
- Stimulates tissues
- Most effective way of promoting nutrition and development of wasted muscles
- Tapotement over abdomen promotes peristalsis aiding constipation
- Improves circulation dramatically - preparing an individual for an event
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