Argumentation and Debate

Jumping to Conclusions. Drawing Conclusions based on insufficient evidence.

Either/ or Fallacy. Arguments are oversimplified, present limiting options at the expense of other possible alternatives.

The Fallacy that one thing causes another when there is no sufficient causal relationship between them.

Scare Tactic. If we allow one thing to happen, that will set off a chain of events that will have disastrous consequences.

Attacks a persons character rather than a persons ideas.

Provides irrelevant and misleading support that pulls the audience away from the real argument.

The attacker distorts or misrepresents what an opponent has claimed, and then attacks that misrepresentation.

Supporting a conclusion based on the testimony of an unqualified or unreliable expert.

Error is committed when one relies on force or the threat of force to gain acceptance for a claim.

One concludes that a claim is true solely on grounds that no one has shown its negation is true.

The arguer associates his/her views with what is popular rather then giving good reasons to support his/her claim.

What has exhisted for a long time and has therefore become a tradition should continue to exist because it is a tradition.

Uses sympathy or pity of audience to gain acceptance for a conclusion.

• -Accessibility
• -Consistency
• -Recency
• -Relevance
• -Adequacy

A claim that an event or condition is the cause for another event or condition.

A comparison of something with which we are familiar with something with which we are less familiar.

The use of a single case to support a general claim.

Recommends or discourages a course of action on the basis of it consequences.

Affirms that we should abide by values, principles, and duties.

Expresses a preference for numerical considerations.

Expresses a preference for the Unique, the rare, the good, etc.

Claims that origin reveals essential nature.

Attribute function to object, institutions, or people