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the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or soemtimes just RNAs
Gene expression
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the link between genotype and phenotype
proteins created through RNA
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bridge between DNA and protein synthesis
RNA
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what are the differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose as its sugar, and has the nitrogenous basae uracil rather than thymine
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nuclease
an enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few bases or hydrolizing the DNA or RNA completely into its component nucleotides
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a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
nucleoid
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nucleolus
a specialized structure in hte nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containingn ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasmic site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly
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the basic, bead-like unit of DNA packing in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a protein core composed of two copies of each of four types of histone
nucleosome
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Nucleotide
the building block of a nucleic acid consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
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Okazaki Fragment
a short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replkication fork on a template strand during DNA replication, many of which are joined together to make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA
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monomers in DNA or RNA
four types of nucleotides, which differ in their nitrogenous bases, genes are hundreds of thousands of nucleotides long
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Transcription
synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA (template strand). The RNA is a faithful complementary strand and can be send many places like my transcript.
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mRNA
messenger RNA. It is sent out from Transcription, carrying a genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing mahcinery of the cell
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Translation
the synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA. The cell must translate the base sequence of an mRNA molecule into the Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. Done in ribosomes.
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genetic flow of information in bacteria and eukaryotes
bacteria do not have a nucleus, so their DNA is not segregated from ribosomes etc, which allows for translation to begin while transcription is still in progress. This is separate in a eukaryote.
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