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Disease Reservoir
Something a pathogen lives in between infecting hosts
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Zoonosis
animal to animal reservoirs
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Portal of Exit
how the pathogen exits a host (fecal, respiratory, sexual secretions)
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Portal of Entry
how the pathogen enters a host
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Vertical Transmission
From mother to Fetus or baby
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Horizontal Transmission
Any transmission that isn't mother to fetus
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Contact Transmission
have to come in contact with a person who is infected to get infected yourself
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Direct Contact
organisms can survive on skin so touching the person you get the disease
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Indirect contact
infected person touches something that infects someone else
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Fomite
Non living thing that helps to transmit a disease
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Droplet Transmission
type of indirect contact where sneeze or cough droplets infect someone within a meter
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Fecal- Oral Transmission
Transmission from fecal exit to oral entry
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Food/Water Borne Disease
Organisms that infect the food and water then infect humans
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Airborne Disease
Organisms that can survive in dry conditions and live in the air
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Vector Borne Diseases
transmission by mechanical or biological vectors
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Incidence
number of new disease in a certain time period
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Prevalence
Total number of cases at a certain time period
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Seasonal incidence
Diseases with seasonal variations in the incidence rates
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Propagated epidemic
disease is transports gradually host to host
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Common Source epidemic
many cases all at once of a disease; ie food or water borne
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Epidemic
localized high increase in prevalence
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Endemic
localized low prevalence
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Pandemic
Wide area of the disease is infected
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Quarantine
Keeping sick people away from healthy people
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Notifiable Disease
disease that CDC must be notified about
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Emerging disease
superbugs that are antibiotic resistant
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re-emerging disease
due to movement of people, diseases spike in new locations
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Nosocomial Infection
acquired in a hospital
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Standard Precautions
Handwashing, gloves, masks
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Droplet Precautions
single rooms, masks
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Airborne Precautions
negative pressure, masks
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Contact Precautions
Gloves, Gowns
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Infection Control Practitioner
someone who monitors diseases at hospitals and how they are passed
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