-
identification is based on
metabolic differences
-
Indole Test
detects the production of indole from tryptophan
-
Tryptophan is broken into
Indole and Pyruvic acid
-
tryptophanase breaks down
tryptophan
-
Methyl Red
tests for strong acid fermentation from fermentation
-
Methyl red positive organisms have a _____ acid: alcohol ration
large
-
methyl red medium
MR-VP broth
-
methyl red reagent
Methyl Red
-
Indole medium
tryptone broth
-
indole reagent
kovac's reagent
-
Vorges Proskauer positive organisms have a ___ acid:alcohol ratio
small
-
-
VP reagent
Barritt's A and B
-
Oxidase Test
oxidyzes the dye added if the organism has cytochrome C oxidase
-
-
-
Catalase Test
detects catalase
-
Catalase
breaks toxic forms of oxygen (H2O2) into water and oxygen
-
-
-
Urease Test
detects urease
-
Urease
breaks urea into ammonium and carbon dioxide
-
-
-
Cysteine Deulferase test
detects cystein desulfurase
-
cysteine desulfurase
breaks cysteine into hydrogen sulfide and pyruvic acid
-
H2S production media
Kliglers Iron Agar
-
H2S production reagant
Ferrous Sulfide
-
Ferrous Sulfide
detects H2S by forming a black precipitate
-
Effective UV wavelengths
240-300
-
-
4 types of mutations that occur with UV radiation
Hydrolysis of Cytosine, Thymine dimers, dimerisation of thymines, and distortion of the double helix
-
Hydrolysis of Cytosine
structural change to DNA
-
Thymine Dimers
connection of thymines on the same strand
-
Dimerisation of thymines
connection of thymines on opposite strands
-
genotype
genetic composition
-
phenotype
observable properties
-
Silent mutations
affects the genotype not the phenotype
-
Phenotypic mutations
affects both the phenotype and genotype
-
lethal mutations
results in cell death
-
Photoreactivation
cleavage of thymine timers by enzymes
-
excision repair
excision of damaged bases or reconstruction of a functional DNA molecule
-
spore forming
in adverse conditions spores are formed and germinate when conditions become favorable
-
energy source of photoreactivation
light
-
energy source of excision repair
ATP hydrolysis
-
energy source of recombination repair
ATP hydrolysis
-
New DNA template is formed
recombination repair
-
repair DNA template
photoreactivation and excision repair
-
Disinfectant
destroys microorganisms on inanimate objects
-
Antiseptic
destroys microorganisms on living tissues
-
chemotherapeutic agents
chemicals that treat infections (antibiotics)
-
Larger phenol coefficient means _____ effectiveness
higher
-
Use dilution method
toothpicks are treated with different dilutions or varying times of agents and observed for prescence of growth
-
agents that prevent growth at the greatest dilutions are considered the ___ effective
most
-
Filter paper disc method
detects inhibitory zone with chemical agent soaked filter paper
-
Definition of a virus
possess genetic material of its own, posseses specialized objects (capsid, shell)
-
DNA bacteriophages
T coliphages, phi chi 174, S13, gamma
-
-
T even phages
similar in genetic and serological properties
-
T5 phage
resembles T even phages but retains ordinary cytosine
-
T1, T3, T7 phages
serologically and genetically unrealated to each other and others
-
binal
posses polyhedral head and helical tail
-
binal head
contains nucleic acid
-
binal tail
used for attachment
-
Adsorption
attachment to cell wall of host
-
penetration
nucleic acid inserts into host
-
intracellular development
phage replication by host
-
maturation and lysis
packaging and release
-
lysongeny
viral nucleic acid lives in host with no reprocutions to host
-
temperate phages
bacteriophages that produce lysogeny
-
lysogens
bacterial hosts to temparate phages (lysogeny)
-
prophage
latent non infectios form the temperate phage is carried in its host
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