Pearson Chpt 7 NCLEX PN Preventing and Controlling Infection

Comprised of:  etiologic agent, reservoir, portal of exit, method of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

any pathogen capable of causing infection; causative agents include bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, ricettsiae, and helminths

faborable environment in which infectous organism grows and reproduces; it may be animate (human, animal, insect) or inanimate (food, water, soil, equipment); blood and respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), reporductive, and urinary tracts serve as this in humans

route by which microorganism leaves reservoir; it can be breaks in skin, the blood, and respiratory, GI, reproductieve, and urinary tracts in humans

mode by which microorganism is transferred from reservoir to host; transfer occurs by three mechanisms: direct and indirect

involves physical transfer of causative agent from person to person; this inculdes touching, kissing, biting, and sexual intercourse. It can also ocur through droplets when a person talks, coughs, sneezes or spits within 3 feet of susceptible host

involves transfer from reservoir to susceptible host via either a vehicle or a vector

this transmission require inanimate object to serve as a mode of transmission

intermediary agent such as an animal or insect is required in this route of transmission

involves transport of droplet nuclei or dust bearing infectious agent by air currents

these precautions represents first tier of CDC guidelines for isolation precautions

what is the correct order for putting on PPE (personal protective equipment)

what is the correct order for taking off PPE (personal protective equipment)

involves practices such as hand hygiene and use of PPE, to reduce the number and limit the spread of microorganisms

is also know as clean technique

place specimen in a leak proof container with a biohazard label, then place contaienr in a sealed plastic bag

involves practices to maintain objects and areas free of microorganisms.  It is also know as steril technique

involves the spread of infection through airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns, evaporated droplets that remain suspended in air for long periods of time, or dust particles containing infectious agents.  Example measles, chicken pox and TB

involves spread of infection by particle droplets larger than 5 microns that can be generated when clinet coughs, sneezes, talks, laughz, and so on.  Example diphtheria (pharyngeal), rubella, pertussis, mumps, pneumonia, and scarlet fever

involves spread of infection by contact with client or contact with items in clients environment.  Example scabies, pediculosis, hermes simplex or zoster, hepatitis A, MRSA and VRE