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The skeleton is made up of _____ bones.
The axial skeleton consists of ____ bones.
The appendicular skelton is composed of _____ bones.
- 206 total
- 80 axial
- 126 appendicular
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The spine:
Cervical = ___bones
Toracic = ____ bones
Lumbar= ____bones
Sacryl (fused) = ___ bone
Coccygeal (fused) = ____ bone
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The skull is composed of ____ fused bones
22
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In the appendicular skeleton, the upper extermities consist of ___ bones and the lowe extremities consits of _____ bones
- The upper extremities are made up of 64 bones
- The lower extremities are made up of 62 bones
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The shoulder girdle is composed of these bones:
clavicle and the scapula
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List 4 proximal carpal bones
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrium
- Pisiform
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List 4 distal bones of the carpals
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
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Name 7 bones of the Tarsals
- 3 Cuneiform bones
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
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3 fused bones that make up the 2 ____ bones of the pelvis
composed the 2 COXAL bones of the pelvis
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In relation to the fibula, the tibia is located ____ and is _____ in size.
- The tibia is MEDIAL and
- LARGER in size
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The humerus is connected to the shoulder girdle at the ________ cavity of the scapula
Glenoid Cavity
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the femur articulates with the _____ _____ of the coxal bone
acetabular fossa
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Bone is encases by a _____
periosteum
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Living osteocytes and calified matrix in bone are arranged in layers called ____
lamellae
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this specialized connective tissue is composed of cells (osteocytes) embedded in a calcified matrix
bone tissue
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what is a Volkmann's canal
- a horiztonal (transverse) canal in a bone connective tissue
- used for communication via blood vessels in the canal
- they connect the longtitudal haversian canal
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What is interstitial lamellae?
- Irregular lamellae structures
- present between the Haversian systems
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What is a Haverian system
- the unit of the Haversian Canal circumscribed by Haversian lamellae
- Also know as a OSTEON
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The marrow cavity and the Haversian canals are lined by _____; which is?
- endosteum
- a thin layer of connective tissue
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These kind of cells can transform into bone-forming cells, or osteoblasts
where are they found?
- Osteogenic cells
- found in the endosteum and periosteum
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this type of bone consists of bars, spicules, or trabeculae
spongy bone
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Where is spongy bone found?
- The ends of long bones
- the inner layer of flat, irregular, and short bones
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What is the spaces in bones called?
What type of cell is singly found there?
- Lacunae (spaces)
- osteocytes
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What is a canaliculi?
What is its purpose?
- A small canal in the bone, in the calafied matrix
- allows osteocytes to communicate with each other
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Cells that form the bone matrix
osteoblasts
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Function of osteoblasts?
What do they tranform into?
- Osteoblasts form the bone matrix, surrounding themselves with it
- once surrounded they are transformed into osteocytes
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The osteoblasts are cuboidal cells which line the ______ of immature or developing spongy bone
trabeculae
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this multinucelated cell is found during bone development and remodeling
osteoclasts
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What function do osteoclasts serve?
remove the existing calcafied matrix releasing organic and inorganic components
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Constitutes the organic component of bone (matrix)
collagen fibers and ground substance
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About 85% of inoganic compounds of the bone matrix consists of?
calcium phosphate in crystaline form
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3 places to find osetoclasts?
- lying in cavities
- Howship's lacunae
- surface of bone being resorbed
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In a synovial joint, this material lines the articular surfaces of the abutting bones
hyaline cartliage
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what is a ligament
- a fibrous connective tissue connecting adjacent bones
- they are stong, supportive and may limit the range of motion occuring at a particular joint
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the germ layer of origin of most of the skeletal system?
Mesoderm
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endomysium
- part of skeletal muscle tissue
- extracellular matrix and very sparse, loose connective tissue layer enveloping a single fiber
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perimysium
- in skeletal muscle tisssue
- connective tissue layer enveloping a bundle of fibers
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epimysium
- in skeletal muscle tissue
- connective tissue layer enveloping the entire muscle
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what is the 'origin' of muscle attachment
the attachment site, relatively fixed
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what is the 'insertion' of muscle attachment
is the end attached to a structure that will be moved when the muscle contracts
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