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Definition of engineering
- Create tangible products
- Integrate math
- Forecast product behavior
- Design for safety
- Consider economical design
- Create instructions for operation
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Five phases in Fundamental Design Concepts Model
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Design Inputs
- Goals and anticipated parameters the product adresses
- "What is needed"
- "What can happen"
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Design Process
- The engineering methods used to ensure product will meet the intended purpose
- "How can we assure ourdelves the design will not fail"
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Design Outputs
- Final engineering documents - fabrication and oporation limits
- "What do we need to tell others so that the design is built, operated, and maintained as intended"
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Design Results
- collective attributes of the as-built product
- "What can be done so others execute the design correctly"
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Design Protection
- Identifications that may challenge the design
- "How can the design be preserved"
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Design Control
- Design Input
- Design Process
- Design Outputs
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Risk of Design Failure
Probability X Consequence
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The Graded Approach, Risk Management
As the level of risk increases, the level of attention increases
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Risk Management Strategies (Design Process)
- Increase design margin
- Tried-and-true
- Redundancy
- Defense-In-Depth
- Increase Fidelity - idiot proof
- Independent and Cross-Discipline Reviews
- Validate design results
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Risk Management Strategies (Design Output)
- Level of detail increases as risk increases
- Version Control
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Risk Management Strategies (Design Results)
- Training Evaluation
- Instructions Consistent with Knowledge of Work Group
- Expectations for knowledgeable people
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Risk Management Strategies (Design Protection)
- Training Evaluation
- Problem Resolution Process
- Expectations for knowledgeable people
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10 CFR 50, Appendix B
Quality Assurance Criteria
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Key Milestones in Nuclear Power
- McMahon / Atomic Energy Act - Transfer technology from military to public
- Atomic Energy Act Ammendments - Foundation for commercial nuclear power
- Energy Reorganization Act - Replaced AEC, NRC oversees technology, Department of Energy promotes technology
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NRC Document Hierarchy Functions
- Law - Created by executive and congressional branches
- Regulation - Created by the NRC, enforcable as law
- Operating License - Granted by NRC to specific entity
- Licensing Bases - Info NRC relies on to asses licensee
- Regulatory Committments - NRC & Licensee voluntary docketed agreements
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Purpose of 10 CFR 20
- Govern On-Site Exposures
- ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Acheivable)
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Purpose of 10 CFR 100
Govern off-site exposures of nuclear facilities
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Operating License
- NRC granted access to build and operate a nuclear power plant
- Contains conclusions from review and the authorizations associated
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Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
- Published in Federal Register
- 50 Titles - agencies
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Hierarchy Organization of NRC Documents
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NRC design requirements become ____ for licensees.
Design Inputs
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Obligations / Operating License
- Technical Specifications - Appendix A of Operating License; details and specifics
- Environmental Protection Plan - Appendix B of Operating License; addresses not radiological
- Orders - written NRC directive to modify, suspend, or revoke a license
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NRC Mandated License Bases Documents
- Updated final safety analysis report
- Technical Requirements Manuals
- Teachnical Specification Bases Selections
- QA Plans
- Security Plans
- Emergency Preparedness Plans
- Fire Protection Plans
- Offsite Dose Calculation Manual
- Core Operating Limits Report
- Pressure/Temperature Limits Report
- Surveillance Frequency Control Program
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