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Function of Testes?
Produces gametes and secrete hormones
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Function of the system of ducts?
- Store sperm
- Assists in their maturation
- delivers to exterior
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What are the accessory sex glands?
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands
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Function of Accessory sex glands?
Adds secretions to semen
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What are the supporting structures?
scrotum and penis
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Scrotum function and structures
- Houses testes
- dartos muscle & cremaster muscle regulate temperature, raises scrotum when contracted, lowers when relaxed
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Where does the spermatic cord enter?
Enters the pelvic cavity through inguinal canals
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What is the site of Inguinal hernias?
Spermatic cord
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Seminal vesicles secrete what in sperm?
Secrete alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose
Secrete Prostaglandins - stimulate motility of sperm and muscle contractions within female tract
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What do Prostaglandins do?
stimulate motility of sperm and muscle contractions within female tract
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What do the prostate secrete in semen?
Secretes milky fluid that increases sperm viability and mobility.
Secretes proteolytic enzymes that digest proteins that interfere with sperm and help clear trail when inside female
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What do proteolytic enzymes do?
digest proteins that interfere with sperm and help clear trail when inside female
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What do the Bulbourethral glands secrete and do?
Alkaline fluid- neutralizes acids in vagina
Mucus- lubricates end of penis and lining of urethra
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The Dartos muscle does what?
Raises to regulate temperature
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what does the cremaster muscle do?
Raises scrotum
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What brings semen to the testes?
Ductus vas deferens, Autonomic nerve, testicular artery, lymphatic vessel
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What does erectile tissue consist of?
Corpora cavernosa penis, spongy urethra, corpus spongiosum penis
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What forms the cremaster muscle?
Internal oblique muscle
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Testes develop where during development?
Near kidney and descends near 7th month of fetal development
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The spermatic cord consists of what?
- Testicular artery & Vein
- Lymphatic vessels
- Nerves
- Vas Deferens
- Cremaster muscle
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What does the Vas Deferens do?
Transports sperm into pelvis
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Where is the vas deferens located?
In the spermatic cord
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The Epididymis does what?
- Storages and Matures sperm
- acquires motility & ability to fertilize
- reabsorbs degenerate sperm
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What do the seminiferous tubules do?
site of spermatogenisis-miosis that produces sperm
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What structures causes an erection?
Parasympathetic fibers- causes production of Nitric Oxide (NO) in erectile tissue - potent vasodilator
Vasodialation of arterioles
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What does NO do?
It is a potent vasodialator that cause an erection
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Which erectile tissue surrounds the urethra?
Corpus spongiosum
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Where does sperm get produced?
In the cells of seminferous tubules
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What do sertoli cells do?
- Form blood-testis barrier
- Nourish spermatogenic cells
- Phagocytize excess spermatid cytoplasm
- Release sperm into lumen
- Produce fluid for sperm transport
- Secrete Inhibin which inhibits FSH
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What hormone inhibits FSH?
Inhibin
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What hormone is found in steroli cells?
Inhibin
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What hormone is found in Leydig cells?
Testosterone
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Where are Leydig cells found?
in spaces between seminiferous tubules
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What do leydig cells do?
Secrete testosterone
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What are the steps of Spermatogenesis?
- 1. Mitosis - divides
- 2. Meosis 1 - replicates DNA, tetrad formation, crossing over
- 3. Meosis 2 - secondary spermatocytes each have 2 chromatids = spermatids
- 4. Spermiogenesis - spermatids become spermatozoa
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What allows sperm to fertilize?
The Acrosome contains enzymes that allow to fertilize
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What Hormone is produced at puberty and what does it do?
GnRH - produces FSH
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What does FSH do?
Simulates spermatogensis with testosterone
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Negative Feedback Stimulus
Increased/Decreased blood level of testosterone
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Negative Feedback Receptors
Hypothalamus-secretes GnRH
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Negative Feedback Control Center
Anterior pituitary gonadotrophs
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Negative Feedback Effectors
Leydig cells in testes produce more/less testosterone
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Negative Feedback response
Decrease/increase of blood level of testosterone
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