Pt3Missed

Rose believes that she is more likely to die from a tornado than from heart disease because tornados make big news. Which of the following errors has Rose made?
A. confirmation bias
B. functional fixedness
C. hindsight bias
D. availability heuristic

After an event has occurred, people often wrongly believe that they "knew all along" what the outcome would be. This error is known as the
A. representativeness heuristic.
B. confirmation bias.
C. base-rate fallacy.
D. hindsight bias.

A single general ability that influences all areas of intellectual functioning is called the
A. Multimodal approach.
B. Primary factor.
C. g-factor.
D. Central domain.

Research on the personality trait of extraversion has shown that its heritability is approximately 50 percent. What does this mean?
A. 50 percent of the population is extraverted.
B. Genetics can explain 50 percent of the differences in extraversion among the population at large.
C. For 50 percent of the population, extraversion is determined by genetics, while for the other 50 percent it is determined by environment.
D. For any given person, extraversion is determined half by genetics and half by environment.

Which of the following supports Noam Chomsky's assertion that humans are designed for language acquisition?
A. Language rules are similar from culture to culture.
B. Children from different cultures develop language at about the same age and in the same order.
C. All humans speak.
D. Parents from all cultures speak to their infants.

A newborn
A. cannot see anything.
B. can see objects about one foot away.
C. can see objects several feet away.
D. can see objects only a few inches away.

In which of Piaget's stages does object permanence happen?
A. formal operational
B. concrete operational
C. sensorimotor
D. preoperational

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with a theory of cognitive development?
A. Kohut
B. Erikson
C. Kohlberg
D. Piaget

Nathan is a happy and healthy 3-month-old baby. Based on preferential looking and habituation research, what can you predict about Nathan's perceptual abilities?
A. Nathan will prefer real to scrambled faces but will not be able to distinguish his mother's face from a stranger's face.
B. Nathan will prefer a stranger's face to his mother's face.
C. Nathan will prefer scrambled faces to real faces.
D. Nathan will prefer real faces to scrambled faces and he will also prefer his mother's face to a stranger's face.

According to Piaget, accommodation occurs when individuals _____.
A. incorporate new information into existing schemas
B. are deprived of parental warmth and sensitivity
C. are insecurely attached to their caregivers
D. adjust their schemas to new information

Which of the following needs must be met first, according to Maslow?
A. self-actualization
B. shelter
C. sex
D. self-esteem

Sharon has received a gift from her friend Mei. Even though Sharon is disappointed with the gift, she feels as though she ought to smile and look happy. What concept does this illustrate?
A. facial feedback hypothesis
B. James-Lange theory
C. broaden-and-build model
D. display rules