-
3.5mm TRS plug
- Audio jacks
- TRS = Tip-Ring-Sleeve
-
- VGA
- 15-pin DE connector
- DE: small size
- ANALOG
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Serial port
- DE-9 (9 pin)
- pins are male on ports
- rarely 25 pin
-
Firewire 400
1/2/400 Mbps half-duplex
-
Firewire 800
800 Mbps full-duplex
-
- Parallel Port
- DB-25 connector
- used for printers usually
-
- PS/2 Port
- 6-pin mini Din
- Green: Mouse
- Purple: Keyboard
-
- SIMM (Single inline memory module)
- 30 or 72 pin (pictured)
- old
-
- RIMM
- 16-bit (184 pins) or 32-bit (232 pins)
- Contained RDRAM
- Required you to fill up all your memory slots with RIMM or else use Continnuity RIMM (C-RIMM) in empty slots
-
- DIMM
- Electrical contacts on both sides
- 64-bit data width (latest technology)
- Used for SDRAM (168 pins)
- DDR2 (184 pins)
- DDR3 (240 pins)
-
- SODIMM
- Mini DIMM
- 72/100/144/200/204 pins
- Used in laptops
-
- PGA (Pin-Grid Array) CPU
- No insertion force (keyed with an arrow)
- Locked in with bars
-
-
Socket 478
- Intel Pentium IV
- Intel Celeron
-
-
-
Slot 1 (242)
- Intel Pentium II, III
- Single Edge Cartridge
-
Socket 370
- Intel Pentium III
- Intel Celeron
-
Southbridge
I/O controller hub
-
Northbridge
Memory controller
-
Frontside bus
CPU <-> Northbridge
-
PC AT Bus
- 16-bit width
- 7 MHz clock rate
- ~ 14 Mbps
-
IBM PC XT Bus
- 8-bit width ISA bus
- 7 MHz clock rate
- ~ 7 Mbps
-
PCI 2.1
- 32-64-bit bus width
- 3.3/5v
- 266/532Mbps
-
PCI 2.3
Doesn't support 5V
-
- PCI slots
- 2 spaces: 32-bit
- 3 spaces: 64-bit
-
-
PCIe
- 1.1: up to 8Gbps
- 2.0/2.1: 16Gbps
-
AMR Bus
- Audio/Modem riser for NICs
- Looks like AGP
-
CNR Bus
- Comm and Network Riser
- Also little like AGP
- Used for NICs
-
Laptop cards
- PCMCIA (PC Card)
- CardBus
- ExpressCard
-
Single communication path in PCIe
Lane
-
-
ATAPI
- ATA Packet Interface
- for CD-ROMs and other non-hard drive devices
-
SATA
- 1.5 - 6.0 Gbps
- SATA3.0 is current
-
eSATA
- external hard drive SATA
- requires DC external power adapter (unless it's the new kind)
-
RAID 0
- Striping
- Files split between multiple drives
- Fast but no redundancy; if one drive fails, they both go
-
RAID 1
- Mirroring
- Everything duplicated between discs
- Required disk space is doubled
-
RAID 5
- Striping w/Parity
- Files split between 3 discs, fourth disc has parity
- Each disc contains file blocks and parities
- High redundancy, somewhat slower performance
- Hot swappable
-
Software-based RAID
- Based on Operating System
- lower performance than hardware RAID
-
Hardware-based RAID
- OS sees one disk
- high performance, high speed
-
Function of Northbridge
- Talks to CPU via FSB
- talks to AGP/PCIe
- talks to RAM
-
Examples of interfaces connected to Southbridge
-
Northbridge (usually covered by heatsink)
-
Notice the south bridge sits physically near the I/O devices it controls
-
-
Controls the Flash BIOS ROM
Southbridge
-
- CMOS
- Stores date & time
- Stores BIOS configs
- Integrated into Southbridge
-
BIOS needs to be configured on every boot
CMOS battery is bad
-
ATX 12V
- Original ATX power standard
- 20-pin
-
ATX 12V 1.3
- 20-pin motherboard connector
- optional 4-pin (additional power) connector
- optinal 6-pin auxilary connector (pentium IV only)
- not standardized
-
ATX12V 2.0
- 20-pin connector
- always extra 4-pin motherboard connector
- SATA connector
-
ATX 12V 2.2 & 2.3
- 24-pin main connector
- PCIe connector
- no auxilary connectors
- energystar compliant (2.3)
-
Hyperthreading
- CPU acts as 2 CPU's
- 15-30% increased performance
-
CPU Cache
- really fast memory
- holds instructions
-
Bus Size always matches CPU architecture
- False
- 64-bit bus can accomodate 32-bit processor
-
Paging Systems/ Virtual Memory
Hard Drive temporarily allocating information from the RAM
-
SDRAM
- Synchronous DRAM
- Synchronized to bus
-
PC1600
PC2-3200
- RAM throughput:
- PC1600 = 1600 Mb/s
-
CAS Latency (CL)
Clock cycle between memory request sent and received
-
Parity memory
- Parity bit checks for errors
- can't correct them
-
ECC Memory
Corrects errors
-
PROM
- Programmable ROM
- Write once
-
-
SRAM
- Static RAM (Non volatile)
- Fast
- Low power requirement
- Kind of bulky in size
- often used in processor L1/L2/L3 Cache
-
DRAM
- The RAM you think about first
- Needs to be refreshed constantly
-
SDRAM
- Synchronous DRAM
- Synchronized with system clock
-
DDR SDRAM
- Double Data Rate
- Twice the rate of SDRAM
- PC-1600: 1600Mbps data rate
-
How to calculate peak data rate of memory
- (Clock rate x bus clock multiplier x # bits transferred) / 8
- eg: 100 MHz x 1 (DDR) x 2 (dual data rate) x 64 = 12800
- eg: 100MHz x 2 (DDR2) x 2 (dual dara rate) x 64
- eg: 100MHz x 4 (DDR3) x 2 (dual data rate) x 64
- 12800/2 = 1600 Mbps aka PC-1600
-
PC2-3200
- PC2 = DDR2 memory
- 3200 = 3200 Mbps
- PC3 = DDR3
-
This kind of RAM is expensive and takes up lots of space
SRAM
-
-
-
-
Unit for measuring screen brightness
- candela per square meter
- cd/m2
-
Latest laptop expansion card; comes in 34/54mm
ExpressCard
-
NiCd Nickel Cadmium battery
- Deep discharge
- Expensive
- Stopped being used
-
NiMH Nickel Metal Hydride
- Can be overcharged
- high self-discharge rate (it loses power even when not in use)
-
Li-On Lithium Ion battery
- Limited charge cycles
- capacity decreases over time
- Doesn't handle deep discharge well
-
Best way to determine battery capacity
Watt-Hours (WH)
-
Process of laser printing
- A drum spins and directly contacts the paper.
- The drum is cleaned and then charged (ions)
- A laser writes to the drum using mirrors (adjusts ions)
- Developer sticks toner to areas designated by laser
- Drum spins and writes image to paper
-
-
Cons of Inkjet printers
- Expensive, proprietary ink
- ink fades
- nozzles clog easily
-
Pros of dot matrix printer
- Good for carbon copies (uses pins)
- Cheap
-
Cons of dot matrix printer
- Noisy
- Shitty graphics (used only for text)
-
Thermal Printers
- White paper heated to turn different colors
- Quiet
- Used for receipts
- Sensitive to heat/light/tape
-
Which part of the laser printing process attaches the ink to the paper?
Fuse
|
|
