-
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
Perception
-
An attempt to determine whether an individual’s behavior is internally or externally caused.
Attribution Theory
-
The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others.
Fundamental Attribution Error
-
The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors.
Self Serving Bias
-
The tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one’s interests, background, experience, and attitudes.
Selective Perception
-
The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.
Halo Effect
-
Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
Contrast Effect
-
Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs.
Steretyping
-
A situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
-
Choices made from among two or more alternatives.
Decisions
-
A discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state.
Problem
-
Characterized by making consistent, value-maximizing choices within specified constraints.
Rational
-
A decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome.
Rational Decison-Making Model
-
What are the six steps of the Rational Decison-Making Model?
- 1. Define the problem.
- 2. Identify the decision criteria.
- 3. Allocate weights to the criteria.
- 4. Develop the alternatives.
- 5. Evaluate the alternatives.
- 6. Select the best alternative.
-
A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.
Bounded Rationality
-
An unconscious process created out of distilled experience.
Intuitive Decison Making
-
A tendency to fixate on initial information, from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent information.
Anchoring Bias
-
The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments.
Confirmation Bias
-
The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them.
Availablity Bias
-
An increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information.
Escalation of CommittmentÂ
-
The tendency of individuals to believe that they can predict the outcome of random events.
Randomness Error
-
The tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome, even if the riskier outcome might have a higher expected payoff.
Risk Aversion
-
The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome.
Hindsight Bias
-
A system in which decisions are made to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.
UtilitarianismÂ
-
Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders.
Whistle-blowers
-
The ability to produce novel and useful ideas.
Creativity
-
The proposition that individual creativity requires expertise, creative thinking skills, and intrinsic task motivation.
Three Component Model of Creativity
-
What are the 3 components comprising the Three Component Model of Creativity?
- 1. Expertise
- 2. Creative Thinking Skills
- 3. Intrinsic Task Motivation
-
What is perception, and what factors influence our perception?
-
What is attribution theory? What are the three determinants of attribution? What are its implications for explaining organizational behavior?
-
What shortcuts do people frequently use in making judgments about others?
-
What is the link between perception and decision making? How does one affect the other?
-
What is the rational model of decision making? How is it different from bounded rationality and intuition?
-
What are some of the common decision biases or errors that people make?
-
What are the influences of individual differences, organizational constraints, and culture on decision making?
-
Are unethical decisions more a function of an individual decision maker or the decision maker’s work environment? Explain.
-
What is creativity, and what is the three-component model of creativity?
|
|