Child Development Test 3

Puberty - the time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development. 

Puberty usually lasts three to five years  Many more years are required to achieve Psychosocial Maturity

Hypothalamus

Testicles

Ovaries

Female

Male

Both males and females

Menarche is a girl's first menstrual period, signaling that she has begun ovulation.

Pregancy is biologically possible, ovulation and menstruation are often irregular for years after menarche.

Spermarche is a boy's first ejaculation of sperm.  Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. 

Spermarche may occur durng sleep (in a wet dream) or via direct stimulation.

Genes, body (fat) size, hormones, and stress

Nine on average

Ten on average

The first sign of puberty in a typical girl is the onset of breast growth (nipples/budding)

Study Guide: Breast development, growth spurt, and Menarche

Book: Growth of nipples, initial pubic hair, then a peak growth spurt, widening of of the hips, the first menstrual period (menarche), final pubic-hair pattern, and full breast development

Growth of the Testes, initial pubic-hair growth, growth of the penis, first ejaculation of seminal fluid (spermarche), appearance of facial hair, peak growth spurt, deepening of the voice and final pubic-hair growth

The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty.  Each body part increases in size on a schedule:  Weight usually precedes height, and growth of the limbs precedes growth of the torso.

The torso

Increased endurance is puberty can be attributed to the growth of the heart and lungs.

Hormonal change during puberty can affect the sleep cycle.

Increased activity of oil and sweat glands

10 AM - 5 PM

Heredity

That the "Double Standard" has died.

Early maturing girls 

^{_{Think about the early-maturing girl, if she has visible breast at age 10, the boys in her class tease her; they are distressed by the sexual creature in their midst.  She must fit her womanly body into a school chair designed for younger childen, and may hide her breasts in large T-shirts and bulky sweaters and refuse to undress for gym.  Early-maturing girls tend to have lower self-esteem, more depression, and poorer body imagine that later maturing girls.  They even exercise less than their classmates.  Early-maturing girls often have boyfriends who are several years older than they are which adds status and protects against loneliness but also brings complications, somethime including drug and alcohol use. They are isolated from their "on time maturing" peers and tend to associate with older adolescents.  This increases their emotional distress.  Early puberty not only correlates with drug use but also increases the risk of violent victimization.  They are more likely to enter abusive relationships than other girls for all these reasons girls are better off to if they begin puberty on time or late}}

Anorexia Nervosa - an eating disorder characerized by self-starvation.  Affected individuals voluntarily under eat and often over exercise, depriving their vital organs of nutrition.

Anorexia can be fatal

Girls use tobacco as much as boys.

It causes damage to the brain, impairs judgment, and loosens inhibitions

Formal Operational.   

Formal Operational thought may be universally possible after age 11 but is not universally used.

A characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads yound people (10 to 13) to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others.

Cognitive skills, logic, and intuitive thought

Invincibility Fable - An adolescent's egocentric conviction that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high speed driving.

Personal Fable - An aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone's else.

The other people who, in an adolescent's eqocentric belief, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas and behavior.  This belief makes many teenagers very self conscious

Study Sheet - They have lower grades have poorer relationships with parents and friends and spend money on entertainment, clothes, cars, alcohol and drugs.

Book - Teen working can :Weakens Identity information, family relationships, academic achievement, and career success.   Instead of learning "the value of a dollar" (phrase adults use) many working adolescents spend their money on drugs, clothes, cars, and entertainment.

Who am I?

Who a person understands who or she is as a unique individual in accord with past experiences and future plans

Goal/crisis is forming a coherent identity

Erikson's term for the fifth stage of development, in which the persons tries to figure out "Who Am I?" but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt.

Erikson identifed four aspects of Identity: religion, sex, politics, and vocation.

The pleasing false self typically arises from a desire to please others.

• The pleasing false self arises from a wish to impress or please others. Quite common. Better than false self arising from rejection.

Foreclosure - Erikson's term fro premature identity formation, which occurs when a adolescent adopts parents' or society's roles and values wholesale, without questioning and analysis.

Moratorium - A socially acceptable way for adolescents to postpone identity achievement.  going to college is a common example.

Availability of lethal means, Lack of parental supervision, and a higher use of alcohol and other drugs

Book: Availability of guns, lack of parental supervision, availability of Alcohol and other drugs, a culture that condones suicide.

Children's desire to make their own decisions

His or her family.

Structure and rules.

Peer Pressure - Encouragement to conform to one's friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude, often a positive force, but usually considered a negative one, as when adolescent peers encourage on another to defy adult authority.

Time -- Sometimes many years

• Females  - Fat
• Males - Muscle

growth in height, redistribution of weight, increases in bone density

Happy ones