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kidneys
filter blood and form urine
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cortex
outer part of the kidney
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hilum
indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
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medulla
inner part of the kidney
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calyces
system of ducts carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis
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nephron
microscopic functional units of the kidney, capable of forming urine
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glomerlus
cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron
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Bowman's capsule
top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus
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renal tubule
stem portion of the nephron
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ureter
tube that caries urine to the bladder
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renal pelvis
basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney
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ureteropelvic junction
point of connection between the renal pelvis and ureter
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urinary bladder
sac that holds the urine
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urethra
single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body
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urea
waste product filtered out of the blood by kidneys
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creatinine
waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by kidneys
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albuminuria
proteinuria
presence of albumin in the urine
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anuria
absence of urine formation
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bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
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dysuria
painful urination
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nocturnal enuresis
wetting the bed during sleep
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hematuria
blood in the urine
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glucosuria
sugar in the urine
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incontinence
involuntary discharge of urine or feceses
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stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
involuntary discharge of ruine at the time of cough, sneeze, or strained exercise
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ketonuria
presence of ketone bodies in the urine
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nocturia
urination at night
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oliguria
low production of urine
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pyuria
white cells in the urine, indicating infection
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urinary retention
not being able to urine normally from obstruction
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adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
multiple cysts that form in the kidney, leading to renal failure
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glomerulonephritis
nephritis involving the glomerulus
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hydronephrosis
dilation of urine in the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys
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nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
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pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
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nephrosis
degenerative disease of the renal tubules
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nephrolithiasis
presence of renal stones caused by mineral buildup in the kidneys
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cystisis
inflammation of the bladder
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urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
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urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
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urethral stenosis
narrowed condition of the urethra
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urinary tract infection (UTI)
invation of bacteria in the structures of the urinary tract
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uremia
azotemia
excess of urea and waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure
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cystometrogram
record that measures urinary volume, and bladder pressure
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cystoscopy
examination of the bladder using a cystoscope
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abdominal sonogram
ultrasound image of the urinary tract including the kidney, ureters, and bladder
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urinalysis (UA)
physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
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intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
intravenous urogram
x-rays of the urinary tract taken after iodine is injected into the bloodstream that reveales obstruction
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kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
abdominal x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder used as a scout film before doing an IVP
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scout film
plain x-ray taken to detect any diseases before further imaging
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renal angiogram (arteriogram)
x-ray of the renal artery made after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery
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retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray of the upper urinary tract after contrast medium is injected up to the kidney
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voiding (urinating ) cystourethrogram
x-ray of the bladder and urethra taken during urination
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specific grafity (SpGr)
measure of the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine
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pH
mreasure of the acidity of urine
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occult blood, urine
test used to detect hidden blood in the urine
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bilirubin
test used to detect bilirubin in the urine
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urobilinogen
test used to detect bile pigment in the urine
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nitrate
test used to detect bacteria in the urine
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood
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creatinine, serum
test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood
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creatinine, urine
test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine
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creatinine clearance testing
measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and a 24 hour urine specimen to determine the rate that creatinine is cleared from the blood
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nephrotomy
incision into the kidney
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nephrorrhaphy
suture of an injured kidney
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nephrolithotomy
incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
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nephrectomy
excision of a kidney
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pyeloplasty
surigcal reconstruction of the renal pelvis
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stend placement
use of a device to hold open vessels or tubes
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urinary diversion
providing a new passage through which urine exits the body
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
using ultrasound to penetrate the body from outside and disintegrate a stone within
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kidney dialysis
methods of filtering impurities from the blood
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diuretic
drug that increases the secretion of urine
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