urinary system

filter blood and form urine

outer part of the kidney

indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave

inner part of the kidney

system of ducts carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis

microscopic functional units of the kidney, capable of forming urine

cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron

top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus

stem portion of the nephron

tube that caries urine to the bladder

basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney

point of connection between the renal pelvis and ureter

sac that holds the urine

single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body

waste product filtered out of the blood by kidneys

waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by kidneys

presence of albumin in the urine

absence of urine formation

bacteria in the urine

painful urination

to void urine

wetting the bed during sleep

blood in the urine

sugar in the urine

involuntary discharge of urine or feceses

involuntary discharge of ruine at the time of cough, sneeze, or strained exercise

presence of ketone bodies in the urine

urination at night

low production of urine

excessive urine

white cells in the urine, indicating infection

not being able to urine normally from obstruction

multiple cysts that form in the kidney, leading to renal failure

nephritis involving the glomerulus

dilation of urine in the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys

inflammation of the kidney

inflammation of the renal pelvis

degenerative disease of the renal tubules

presence of renal stones caused by mineral buildup in the kidneys

inflammation of the bladder

inflammation of the urethra

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

narrowed condition of the urethra

invation of bacteria in the structures of the urinary tract

excess of urea and waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure

record that measures urinary volume, and bladder pressure

examination of the bladder using a cystoscope

ultrasound image of the urinary tract including the kidney, ureters, and bladder

physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

x-rays of the urinary tract taken after iodine is injected into the bloodstream that reveales obstruction

abdominal x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder used as a scout film before doing an IVP

plain x-ray taken to detect any diseases before further imaging

x-ray of the renal artery made after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery

x-ray of the upper urinary tract after contrast medium is injected up to the kidney

x-ray of the bladder and urethra taken during urination

measure of the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine

mreasure of the acidity of urine

test used to detect hidden blood in the urine

test used to detect bilirubin in the urine

test used to detect bile pigment in the urine

test used to detect bacteria in the urine

blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood

test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood

test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine

measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and a 24 hour urine specimen to determine the rate that creatinine is cleared from the blood

incision into the kidney

suture of an injured kidney

incision into the kidney for the removal of stones

excision of a kidney

surigcal reconstruction of the renal pelvis

use of a device to hold open vessels or tubes

providing a new passage through which urine exits the body

using ultrasound to penetrate the body from outside and disintegrate a stone within

methods of filtering impurities from the blood

drug that increases the secretion of urine