-
dermal
covers surface of plant
-
epidermis
single layers of cells
-
cuticle
layer of wax on epidermis that prevets water loss
-
epidermis of roots
have no cuticle, but does have root hairs(cell extensions)
-
vascular
xylem and phloem
-
2 types of cell in xylem
tracheids and vessel elements
-
tracheids
- in all vascular plants
- fusiform shape(has pits to allow xylem sap to move from one to the next)
- dead at functional maturity
- supports plant ad conducts xylem sap
- has primary and secondary cell walls
-
vessel elements
- found in angiosperms
- shorter and larger
- more efficient at tranfer of xylem sap
- dead at functional maturity
- not good at support
- has primary cell wall
-
2 types of phloem cells
- seive tube members
- companion cells
-
seive tube members are _____ at functional maturity, transports _______, has no ___________, and cant make ________
- alive at functional maturity
- transports phloem sap
- no nuclei, ribosomes, or vacuole
- cant make proteins
-
companion cells lie along side ________, has ____________, gives ______ to __________
- sieve tube elements
- has plasomodesmata, nucleus, and ribosomes
- gives protein to seive tube member
-
ground tissue system
- fills in space between vascular tissue and epidermis
- where photosynthesis occurs
-
parenchyma cells can _______ when growing, have ________ cell walls, never has ______, and always has _______
- differentiate
- thin primary
- secondary wall
- protoplasts
-
collenchyma cells are ________ at functional maturity, have _____ cell walls, and are for the support of ____________.
- alive
- thick primary
- young growing parts of plants
-
sclerenchyma cells are ____ for the ___________, has __________ cell walls, _____ at functional maturity, and there are two types: _____ and ____.
- support for the older parts of plants
- has both primary and secondary cell walls
- alive at functinal maturity
- fibrous and scleroids
-
herbaceous plant
does not form wood or have secondary growth, all monocots are herbaceous
-
indeterminant growth
grows all their lives because of perpetually embryonic tissues(meristems)
-
meristems
initials
derivatives
- mass of embryonic cells
- cells in the center that divide
- cells at the edge that start to differenciate
-
two basic types of meristems
apical and lateral
-
apical meristems:
____ plants have it
found at _____
responsible for ____()
- all plants have it
- found at tips of roots and shoots
- primary growth (elongation)
-
lateral meristems:
only in ____
responsible for ____
increases in ____
found in ____
the cylanders are ____
- woody plants
- secondary growth
- girth
- woody dicots
- meristematic tissue
-
genetically programmed life spans
- annuals
- biennials
- perennials
-
-
-
perennial
lives many years (trees and shrubs)
-
3 root zones
- zone of maturation/cell division
- zone of elongation
- zone of cell division
-
zone of maturation/differentiation
cells become mature and in different ways
-
zone of elongation
cells change shape, from cube to column
-
zone of cell division
apical meristem
-
root cap
protects the apical meristem
-
3 primary meristems
- protoderm-dermal
- procambrian-vascular
- ground meristem-ground
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