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esophageal varices
swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus
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esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
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gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus
- due to dysfunction of esophageal sphincter
- causes burning/pain
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pyloric stenosis
narrowed condition of the pylorus
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peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum - or other part of the gastrointestinal system
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gastric ulcer
ulcer located in the stomach
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duodenal ulcer
ulcer located in the duodenum
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gastroenteritis
inflmmation of the stomach and small intestines
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ileitis
inflammation of the ileum (lower portion of small intestines)
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ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations
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diverticulum
by-way, abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract due to lack of dietary fiber
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diverticulosis
a diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, usually bowel
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diverticulitis
inflammation of diverticula
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dysentery
- inflammation of the intestine
- bloody stools, caused by bacteria or protozoa
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hiatal hernia
protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm
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intussusception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
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volvulus
twisting of the bowel, causing obstruction
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polyposis
multiple polyps in the intestine/rectum with high potential for malignancy
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proctitis
inflammation of the rectum and anus
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anal fistula
abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus, may connect with the rectum
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hemorrhoid
swollen, twisted vein in the anal region
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peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
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hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
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hepatitis A
infectious inflammation caused by HAV (hepatitis A virus), transmitted orally though fecal contamination
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hepatitis B
infectious inflammation caused by HBV, transmitted sexually or by body fluids
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hepatitis C
inflammation caused by HCV, transmitted by exposure to infected blood
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cirrhosis
disease caused by degeneration of liver tissue-from alcoholism or nutritional deficiency
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cholangitis
inflammation of bile ducts
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cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
endoscopic procedure including x-ray to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas
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laparoscopy
examination of the abdomen cavity with a laparoscope
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peritoneoscopy
examination of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope
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capsule endoscopy
examination of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera
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colonoscopy
examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope
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sigmoidoscopy
examination of the sigmoid colon with a sigmoidoscope
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proctoscopy
examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope
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liver scan
scan of the liver after an injection of radioactive tracers, detects tumors and functional abnormalities
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