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gastr/o
stomach (the organ)
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pylor/o
pylorus (gatekeeper)
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sigmoid/o
sigmoid color (looks like an S)
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esophagus
muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
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cardiac sphincter
opening from esophagus to the stomach
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pyloric sphincter
opening from stomach to duodenum
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duodenum
first portion of the small intestine
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jejunum
second part of the small intestine
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ileum
third portion of the small intestine
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cecum
first part of the large intestine
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sigmoid colon
portion of the large intestine that ends at the rectum
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rectum
end of the large intestine
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rectal ampulla
dilated portion og the rectum just above the anal canal
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peritoneum
membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity
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peritoneal cavity
the potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
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omentum
a covering; an extension of the peritoneum that connects the stomach with other abdominal organs
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liver
organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
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gallbladder
recepticle hat stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver
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biliary ducts
ducts that concey bile, incliding hepatic, cyctic and common bile ducts
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anorexia
loss of appetite
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aphagia
inability to swallow
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ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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hematochezia
red blood in stool
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hematemesis
throwing up blood
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jaundice
icterus - yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera and other tissues due to excessive bilirubin
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melena
dark-colored tarry stool caused by old blood
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steatorrhea
fat in the feces
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parotitis
mumps - inflammation of the partoid gland
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GERD
gasteroesophegeal reflux disease
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pyloric stenosis
narrowing condition of the pylorus
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diverticulum
a by-way, an abnormal side pocket in the GI tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber
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diverticulosis
presence of diverticula in the GI tract, especially in the bowel
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diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticula
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dysentery
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
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hiatal hernia
protrusion of the stomach through the hiatal opening in the diaphram
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inguinal hernia
protrusion of a loop of intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
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incarcerated hernia
hernia contained within a sac
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strangulated hernia
hernia that is constricted, cut off from blood supply and likely to become gangrenous
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umbilical hernia
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall surrounding the naval
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intussusception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
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volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
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polyposis
multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential
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proctitis
inflammation of the rectum and anus
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cirrhosis
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or nutritional defency
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cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
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cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones
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choledocholithiasis
stones in the common bile duct
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laparoscopy
looking within the abdomin
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stool occult blood study
trying to look for any hidden blood in the stool
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hernirrhaphy
hernia repair
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gastric resection
partial removal and repair of the stomach
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gloddorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
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anastomosis
unuion of two hollow vessels; used in bowel surgery
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-stomy
creating of an opening that will remain open for a period of time after the surgery is done
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