-
Red eye ddx
- Conjunctivitis
- Uveitis
- Glaucoma
- Abrasion
-
Uveitis
-presentation
-dx
-tx
- Assoc with autoimmune diseases
- Photophobia
- Dx by slit lamp
- Tx with topical steroids
-
Abrasion dx
fluorescein stain
-
Chronic glaucoma tx
- Prostaglandin analogues - latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost
- Topical bblockers- timolol, carteolol, metipranolol, betaxolol, levobunolol
- Topical carbonic anhydrase inh - dorzolamide, brinzolamide
- Alpha2 agonists - apraclonidine
- Pilocarpine
- Laser trabeculoplasty
-
Acute angle glaucoma
presentation
dx
tx
- Sudden, pain, red, hard, nonreactive pupil, dilation is painful, large cup to disc ratio (>0.3)
- Confirm with tonometry
- IV acetazolamide, IV mannitol, pilocarpine and bblockers (constrict and inc drainage) iridotomy
-
Diabetic retinopathy
most accurate test
tx
- fluorescein angiography
- laser photocoagulation, VEGF injections, vitrectomy for obstructions of vision
-
Retinal occulsions
- Artery: dark (cherry red) macula and pale retina. Tx with 100% O2, acetazolamide and thrombolytics
- Vein: extravasation of blood into retina
-
Macular degeneration
types
presentation
- Dry/Atrophic: no tx
- Wet/neovascular: rapid, severe, btw retina and bruch membrane, 90% of the blindness. Tx with VEGF inh (ranibizumab and bevacizumab)
- Bilateral, loss of central
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