Nutrition fluid balance regulation

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If GFR is low do to low BP what gets released from the kidneys

renin
What happens to renin as it travels in the blood

combines with angiotensinogen to make angiotensinI
Where does angiotensin I travel to and what happens to it
- lungs
- ACE converts it to angiotensin II
What are the functions of angiotensin II
- vasoconstriction
- stimulates thirst
- secretes ADH
- stimulates adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone
ADH has what effect on the urine

stops it
What does Aldosterone do

makes collecting ducts of the renal tubules reabsorb more water
Once ADH and Aldosterone are activated what will happen to GFR and BP

increases
How else(other than from angiotensin II) can Adosterone be released

osmoreceptors in the brain
What happens once the GFR and BP are within normal ranges

secreation of renin stops
What are accurate measure of intake and output
- daily weight
- vital signs
- mucous membranes
- skin assessment
- neurological status
What are the types of fluid volume deficits
- hypovolemia
- dehydration
What fluid volume deficit is from a low ECF

hypovolemia
What type of fluid volume deficit is from a deficit in both ECF and ICF

dehydration
What causes fluid volume deficit
- Inadequate fluid intake
- Lossing more fluid than intake
- Translocation of intravascular fluid to interstital
- Starvation
- Impaired swallowing
- Vomiting
- Gastric suction
- Diarrhea
- Laxative abuse
- Diuretics
- Hemorrhage
- Major burns
- Draining wounds
- Fever & sweating
- Exercise & sweating
- Heat & humidity
- hyperglycemia
What are the S&S of decreased fluid volume
- Decreased urination
- Decreased skin elasticity
- Dry mucous membranes
- Disorientation
- Extreme thirst
- Nausea
- Decreased BP, increased HR
- Weight loss
What is the treatment for hypovolemia
- treat cause
- increase oral intake
- IV fluids
- control fluid losses
Higher than normal volume of fluid in the intravascular compartment(increased blood volume)

hypervolemia
Excess fluid in the interstitial space often due to increased sodium
May lead to circulatory overload and compromised heart function

edema
What are the causes of excess fluid volumes
- Kidney failure
- Heart failure
- IV administered to fast
- Albumin administration
- Corticosteroid therapy
- Excessive sodium intakek
- Pregnancy
What is the treatment for excessive fluid volumes
- treat disorder
- restict oral fluids
- reduce sodium
- stop IV or reduce rate
- administer diuretics
What are thw types of incresed fluid volume
- hypervolemia
- edema
What is third spacing

intavascular fluid moving into nonvascular fluid compartment where it is trapped & useless
Third spacing is commonly associated with what
- liver disease
- albumin deficiency & asceties
What other disease can cause third spacing
- liver disease
- kidney disease
- peritonitis
- burns
- allergic reactions
Third spacing can lead to what

hypotension and shock from decresaed intravascular fluids
What is the treatment for third spacing
- restore circulatory volume
- closley monitor for circulatory overload
How would you restore circulatory volume in a patient with third spacing
- IV fluids
- Blood transfusions
- IV albumin

Author

tville01

163100

Card Set

Nutrition fluid balance regulation

Description

Nutrition fluid balance regulation

Updated

2012-07-19T14:43:20Z

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