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The 3 function of Muscle Tissue
- Movement: Internal and external mobility are controlled by muscles, motion, and locomotion are external. Motility, internal (smooth muscle) Everything that the body does requires a muscle contraction
- Heat Production: All muscle contractions produce and release heat. Body will begin to sweat to maintain homeostasis. body will shiver (tiny muscle contractions) if it gets cold.
- Posture: Sitting or standing requires muscular contraction of a static/Sustained Nature.
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3 types/characteristics of Muscle
- Skeletal: Striated Voluntary: Cylindrical Shaped Fibers that are responsible for motion, locomotion, Facial Expressions, posture, etc.
- Cardiac: Striated Involuntary: Y or H shaped fibers that are formed only in the heart and provide force necessary to pump blood throughout circulatory system. Generates its own stimuli to initiate muscle contraction.
- Smooth: NonStriated Involuntary: Spindle Shaped fibers that line walls of hollow organs such as blood vessels or digestive tract. Contraction rate is very slow.
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Each Muscle consists of bundles called __________ . The bundles contain numerous muscle fibers called _________, each fiber is made up of __________ (actin & Myosin)
- Fasciculi
- Myofibrils
- Myofilaments
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The protective connective tissue covreing each muscle fiber (cell) is called?
Endomysium
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Fasciculi (muscle bundle) is encased in a specialized fascia (ct) known as
Perimysium
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Entire muscle is surrounded by fascia known as___________?
Epimysium
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Muscle fiber structure
- Tendons: Tendon Attaches muscle to bone
- Aponeurosis: Broad, flat, large tendon that attaches muscle to bone, or another muscle.
Retinaculum (Retinacula) plural: Bracelet like band that holds tendons in place, found in ankles, knees, and wriest.
Tendon Sheath: Surrounds the tendon where it crosses multiple joints and serves to protect tendon from abrasion.
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The ability of a muscle to shorten forcefully
a) Exciteability
b) Contractility
c) Extensibility
d) Elasticity
b) Contractility
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Muscle response to stimulation by nerves and hormones. (Irritability)
a) Contractility
b) Exciteability
c) Extensibility
d) Elasticity
b) Exciteability
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Ability of the muscle to be stretched to its normal resting position and beyond to a limited degree.
a) Exciteability
b) Contractility
c) Extensibility
d) Elasticity
c) Extensibility
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The ability of a muscle to recoil to its original position after it has been stretched.
a) Contractility
b) Elasticity
c) Extensibility
d) Exciteability
Elasticity
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Provides the ATP needed for Muscle Contraction
Mitochondria
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Red pigment Stores oxygen in the muscle tissue
Myoglobin
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A specialized Endoplasmic Reticulum that stores calcium ions needed for muscle contractions
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Contain multiple nuclei ,Multi Nucleate
Nuclei Muscle Cells
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Actin: Thin protein Filament, Resembles 2 twisted pearl necklaces. Contains 2 types of protein molecules.
Troponin: calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum is needed to bind with Troponin to begin contraction.
Tropomyosin: Troponin signals Tropomyosin to shift positions to reveal binding sites for myosin.
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Myosin Heads will bind to the sites on the actin filament exposed when_________ shifts into position. A ratcheting effect takes place with the myosin heads pulling along the exposed actin sites to shorten muscle. ATP required for the action to occur.
tropomyosin
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Types of Skeletal Muscle fibers are
- Slow Twitch (high oxidative fibers)
- Intermediate twitch
- Fast Twitch (Low oxidative fibers)
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