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accommodation
ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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amblyopia
decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors, or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as a lazy eye
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aphakia
absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
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astigmatism
distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
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blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
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blepharoplasty
surgical repair of an eyelid
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blepharoptosis
drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis
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blepharospasm
involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
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cataract
opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
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conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
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conjunctivitis
pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
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cornea
- transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image

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corneal
pert. to the cornea
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dacryocyst
lacrimal sac; structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct
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dacryocystectomy
excision of a lacrimal sac
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dacryocystitis
inflammation of the tear sac
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ectropion
outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning)
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entropion
inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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enucleation
excision of an eyeball
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esotropia
right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose
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exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs (also exophthalmus)
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glaucoma
group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intaocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
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hordeolum
- sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

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hyperopia
- farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

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iridectomy
excision of a portion of the iris tissue
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iridotomy
a puncture made through the iris without removing any iris tissue
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iris
colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil
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iritis
inflammation of the iris
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keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
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keratoplasty
corneal transplantation; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor
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keratotomy
incision of the cornea
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lacrimal
pert. to the tears
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lacrimation
secretion of tears
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myopia
- nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina

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nasolacrimal
pert. to the nose and the lacrimal apparatus
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ophthalmitis
inflammation of the eye
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ophthalmologist
physician who specializes in the treatment of disorders of the eye
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ophthalmology
the study of the eye and its diseases
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ophthalmopathy
any disease of the eye
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ophthalmoscopy
use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
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optic
pert. to sight or the eye
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phacoemulsification
use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, with aspiration and removal
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photophobia
extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light
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presbyopia
impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
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pseudophakia
an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with and artificial lens implant
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pupil
black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
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retina
innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
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retinitis
inflammation of the retina
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retinopathy
any noninflammatory retinal damage or disease
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sclera
- tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

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scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
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strabismus
a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (also called = heterotropia)
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tonometry
use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma
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trichiasis
- misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea

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