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Most of the proteins of the body are the result of
anabolism
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How are amino acids anabolized
food proteins broken down to amino acids
liver reconstructs amino acids
liver synthesises plasma proteins
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What are the plasma proteins that the liver makes
- albumin
- coagulation factors
- immunogobulins
- antibodies
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What does albumin do
keeps fluids in the vascular system to prevent ascites
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What do the immunogobulins aid in
help make hormones
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What enhances the anabolism of proteins
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Where does the GH come from
pituitary gland
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When does catabolism of protein occur
if protein is needed for energy
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Where does catabolism of protein begin
liver w/deamination
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What is deamination
when an amino acid breaks off from the amino molecule
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What are some dangerous end products of deamination
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What happens to the ammonia during deamination
- converted to urea in liver
- excreted in urine
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What happens to the keto acid that is created from deamination
- enter TCA for energy
- OR
- converted to fat
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Where is the only place that deamination can occur
liver, only spot where ammonia can be converted to urea
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What occurs is there is an excessive amounts of protein in a persons diet
- causes incresed deamination
- leads to ketosis
- increased urea excreation
- stresses liver and kidneys
- if liver fails it can be neurotoxic from ammonia levels
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What is the general recommendations for protein
no more than twice the RDA
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What is the RDA for protein
10-35%
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What does a complete protein contain
all 9 EAA
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How are protein foods categorized
by EAA (essential amino acids)
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What does a high quality protein contain
best balance of essential & nonessential amino acids
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What are 2 highest quality protein foods
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what does an incomplete protein lack
one or more of the essential amino acids
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What is a limiting amino acid
the amino acis that an incomplete protein is missing
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What are complementary proteins
different plants (incomplete proteins)to eat together to add up to one complete protein source
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What are the advantagegs of complementary proteins
- lower cost
- less dietary fat
- increased dietary fiber
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What are some examples of complementary proteins
- grains w/legumes
- Or
- grains, legumes, & animal protein
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What is the RDA for proteins
- 10-35%
- sufficient EAA
- enough total protein to build NEAA
depends on age, gender, weight, mental state, and protein sources
08g/kg(2.2 lbs)
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What is the averge protein RDA for a woman, male, and athlete
- w= 46-50g
- m=58-63g
- a=1-1.5g/kg
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