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Carries signals for voluntary movement of skeletal muscle. It controls movement of the torso, upper, and lower limbs
Corticospinal / Pyramidal tract
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Controls the muscles of the face, head, and neck.
Corticobulbar tract
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It is the sensory pathway responsible for transmitting fine touch and consious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex.
Posterior column (dorsal column) pathway
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It is a sensory pathway orginating in the spinal cord that transmits information about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus.
Spinothalmic tract
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Provides feedback on the position of the body in space (proprioception).
Spinocerebellar tract
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What is the condition that results in temporary cerebral artery blockage, decreasing blood flow to the brain.
TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)
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What is the condition that results in a complete cerebral artery blockage, leading to death of brain cells and permanent loss of certain functions.
CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident / stroke)
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What is the difference between an Ischemic Stroke and a Hemorrhagic Stroke?
- Ischemic Stroke - blood clot stops the flow of blood to an area of the brain
- Hemorrhagic Stroke - weakened / diseased blood vessel ruputure and blood leaks to brain tissue
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An object such as fat / blood clot / cholesterol forms in a vessel but moves to another part of the body
Embolus
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An object such as fat / blood clot / cholesterol form in a vessel but does not move to another area. It forms at the blockage point within blood vessels.
Thrombus
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When clot migrates from one part of the body through circulation. It causes blockage of blood vessels in another part of the body.
Embolism
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Formation of a clot inside of a blood vessel obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
Thrombosis
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What is the term for Increased Muscle Tone (spasms)?
Muscular Hypertonia
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What is the name of the UMNL test where the appendage will shake constantly with tremors?
Clonus
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What is the name of the UMNL test where there is excessive reflex / contraction?
Hyperreflexia
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What is the name of the UMNL test where there will be resistance initially & then easier movement follows?
Clasp Knife Rigidity
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What is the name of the UMNL test where practitioner squeezes the pisiform?
Gordon's finger
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What is the UMNL test where the practitioner squeezes the 3rd MCP?
Rossolimo's Hand Sign
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What is the UMNL test where the practitioner flicks the 3rd digit into flexion?
Hoffman's
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What is the UMNL test where the patient grimaces on the ipsilateral (same) side when tapped on?
Snout Reflex
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What is the UMNL test where toes extend and fan out?
Babinski
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What is the UMNL test where practitioner squeezes calf and elicits a Babinski reflex?
Gordon's
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What is the UMNL test where the practitioner draws a "C" along lateral malleolus to elicit a Babinski reflex?
Chaddock's
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What is the UMNL test where the practitioner squeezes Achilles tendon firmly to elicit a Babinski reflex?
Schaefer's
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What is the difference between Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesion?
- UMNL - muscle weakness, increased reflexes, increased muscle tone (spasm)
- LMNL - muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations (twitching), decreased reflexes, decreased muscle tone
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What is the condition where the superior articular process of one vertebrae and the inferior articular process of another vertebrae causes pain. It is typically in the cervical region.
Facet Syndrome
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An abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal that may occur in any of the regions of the spine
Spinal Stenosis
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When performing Dorsal Column Pathway tests, how should each test be performed?
With eyes closed
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What is the term for Lack of Vibration?
Apallesthesia
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What is the term for Lack of Proprioception?
Akinesthesia
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What is the term for the Dorsal Column Test that tests for Fine Touch?
Multi Modal Sensations
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What is the term for the Dorsal Column Test that asks patient to recognize an object by touch only?
Stereognosis
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What is the term for the Dorsal Column Test to identify numbers written on patients palms?
Graphesthesia
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What is the term for the Dorsal Column Test to identify letters written on patients palms?
Graphognosis
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