-
What are artifically produced fats called
trans fats
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What is hydrogenation
changes unsaturated oils into solid fats
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Why are trans fats unhealthy
- cause CAD and DMII
- decrease HDL, increses LDL
- disrupts FA function
-
Why is trans fat hydrogenated
to meet demand for cheap solid fats
-
What are sources of trans fat
- breads
- cookies
- cake
- crackers
- margarine
- frozen potatoes
- frying in resturants
-
Why do we not want to use lipids as an energy source
ketones develop, can lead to acidosis
-
Lipogenisis results in formation of what
- triglycerides
- phospolipids
- cholesterol
- prostoglandins
-
What promotes lipid anabolism (lipogenisis)
insulin
-
The breakdown of lipids release what
- the following FA:
- GH
- ACTH
- TSH
- corticosteroids
- epinepherine
- thyroxine
-
Where does fat digestion begin
mouth with lipase
-
Where is there little fat digestion occuring
stomach
-
What gets released into the small intestine to helo emulsify fat
bile
-
What breaks down the triglycerides into monoglycerides, FA, and glycerol
pancreatic lipase
-
What are micelles
formed when fat binds with bile, absorbed by microvilli
-
What happens to monoglycerides& FA in the mucosal cells
reassembled into triglycerides and incorperated in chylomicrons(lipoproteins)
-
Where are the lipoproteins taken to
lymph system, then cardiovascular system
-
What is the DRI for fat intake
- 20-30% kcal(40-97g)(400-875 kcal)
- 10% or less from saturated fats(25-20g)(225-180kcal)
-
All animal food sources contain
cholesterol
-
-
What is the role of lipoproteins in our body
transport lipid-based molecules that are water insouluable through water based plasma
-
What carries fats & cholesterol to the body cells and is made of the largest proportions of cholesterol
-
What carries fat and cholesterol from body cells to the liver for excretion and is largely made of proteins
HDL
-
Total blood readings contain both
-
What are the desired blood cholesterol levels
- Total= <200mg/dl
- LDL= <130 mg/dl
- HDL= >40mg/dl
-
Dietary guidelines recomend a daily intake of what for cholesterol
300mg or less
-
If LDL cholesterol is elevated what should the cholesterol intake be
less than 200mg
-
Content of cholesterol in food has a ------- influence on blood cholesterol
minor
-
What is the biggest problem for elevated cholesterol
saturated fat, not cholesterol content
-
What effects LDL the greatest
saturated fat
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