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functional unit of the nervous system
neuron
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carry nerve impulses towards the cell body
dendrites
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carry nerve impulses away from the cell body
axon
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form in which the axon terminates; bulbous shape
synaptic boutons
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network of synaptically interconnected neurons
neural circuit
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when an AP reaches synaptic ending releasing a neurotransmitter
synaptic transmission
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stacked RER and golgi apparatus
nissl bodies
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receive information, generate annd integrate the local potential changes
soma(cell body)
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belongs to the initiating neuron; contains neurotransmitters, mitochondria and other cell organelles
presynaptic neuron
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receiving neuron; contains receptor sites for neuro transmitters
post-synaptic membrane
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space between the pre-synaptic neuron and post-synaptic neuron
synaptic cleft
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most pre-synaptic neurons terminate on dendritic spines of the post-synaptic neuron
axodendritic synapse
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pre-synaptic neurons terminate on cell body
axosomatic synapse
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forms between the axon of presynaptic neuron and axon of post synaptic neuron; regulates the amount of neurotransmitter that is released by another axon terminal
axoaxonic synapse
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type of synapse that allows the action potential to cross from the membrane of one neuron to the next without the intervention of a neurotransmitter
electrical synapse
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specialized intercellular tunnel that links together the membranes of the two communicating neurons where they come extremely close at the electrical synapses
gap junction
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6 subunits of connexins mades up
connexon
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nerve impulses are carried by neurotransmitters
chemical synapse
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chemical gated ion channels in the membrane of the cell that is receiving the nerve impulse
neuroreceptors
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where terminal branches of motor axon lie
synaptic trough
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transient depolarization due to increase in membrane's permeability to sodium and potassium
end plate potential
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spontaneous release of 1 acetylcholine vesicle; 0.4 mV insufficient to trigger action potential unlike EPP
miniature end plate potential
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depolarization of postsynaptic membrane
excitatory postsynaptic potential
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hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
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2 separate inputs that arrive simultaneously
temporal summation
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rapid succession of actions potentials in 1 presynaptic cell
spatial summation
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location of inhibitory synapses
soma
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location of excitatory synapses
dendrite
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permits fine control of firing pattern of spinal motor neuron
integration
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increased postsynaptic response due to repeated presynaptic stimulation
facilitation
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a train of strong stimulation will cause post tetanic potentiation increased or longer post synaptic response
tetanic stimulation
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more efficient transmission at synapses that are repeatedly stimulated
long term potentiation
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occurs when a synapse has decreasing response to each successive stimulation, due to prolonged repetitive stimulation
synaptic fatigue
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both inhibitory and excitatory; attentiaon, learning, and memory
acetylcholine
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excitatory chemical that induces physical and mental arousal and elevated mood
norepinephrine
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originates in the substantia nigra; inhibitory transmitter
dopamine
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inhibit pain pathways in the spinal cord
serotonin
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major excitatory neurotransmitter, vital for forging the links between neurons that are basis of learning and long term memory
glutamate
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