when an AP reaches synaptic ending releasing a neurotransmitter
synaptic transmission
stacked RER and golgi apparatus
nissl bodies
receive information, generate annd integrate the local potential changes
soma(cell body)
belongs to the initiating neuron; contains neurotransmitters, mitochondria and other cell organelles
presynaptic neuron
receiving neuron; contains receptor sites for neuro transmitters
post-synaptic membrane
space between the pre-synaptic neuron and post-synaptic neuron
synaptic cleft
most pre-synaptic neurons terminate on dendritic spines of the post-synaptic neuron
axodendritic synapse
pre-synaptic neurons terminate on cell body
axosomatic synapse
forms between the axon of presynaptic neuron and axon of post synaptic neuron; regulates the amount of neurotransmitter that is released by another axon terminal
axoaxonic synapse
type of synapse that allows the action potential to cross from the membrane of one neuron to the next without the intervention of a neurotransmitter
electrical synapse
specialized intercellular tunnel that links together the membranes of the two communicating neurons where they come extremely close at the electrical synapses
gap junction
6 subunits of connexins mades up
connexon
nerve impulses are carried by neurotransmitters
chemical synapse
chemical gated ion channels in the membrane of the cell that is receiving the nerve impulse
neuroreceptors
where terminal branches of motor axon lie
synaptic trough
transient depolarization due to increase in membrane's permeability to sodium and potassium
end plate potential
spontaneous release of 1 acetylcholine vesicle; 0.4 mV insufficient to trigger action potential unlike EPP
miniature end plate potential
depolarization of postsynaptic membrane
excitatory postsynaptic potential
hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
2 separate inputs that arrive simultaneously
temporal summation
rapid succession of actions potentials in 1 presynaptic cell
spatial summation
location of inhibitory synapses
soma
location of excitatory synapses
dendrite
permits fine control of firing pattern of spinal motor neuron
integration
increased postsynaptic response due to repeated presynaptic stimulation
facilitation
a train of strong stimulation will cause post tetanic potentiation increased or longer post synaptic response
tetanic stimulation
more efficient transmission at synapses that are repeatedly stimulated
long term potentiation
occurs when a synapse has decreasing response to each successive stimulation, due to prolonged repetitive stimulation
synaptic fatigue
both inhibitory and excitatory; attentiaon, learning, and memory
acetylcholine
excitatory chemical that induces physical and mental arousal and elevated mood
norepinephrine
originates in the substantia nigra; inhibitory transmitter
dopamine
inhibit pain pathways in the spinal cord
serotonin
major excitatory neurotransmitter, vital for forging the links between neurons that are basis of learning and long term memory