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conjunctiv/o
to join together
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ir/o
irid/o
iris (colored circle)
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ocul/o
ophthalm/o
opt/o
eye
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-opia
condition of vision
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anterior chamber
fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris
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aqueous humor
watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens
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choroid
vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina
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ciliary body
muscle that controls the power of the lens
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ciliary muscle
smooth muscle that contracts to assist in near-vision capability
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ciliary processes
epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
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conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
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cornea
transparent anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to bend light to focus images
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fovea centralis
pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lute that is the site of sharpest vision
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fundus (base)
interior surface of the eyeball
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lacrimal gland
gland that secretes tears
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lacrimal ducts
tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
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lacrimal sac
structure that collects tear before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct
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lens
transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
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lens capsule
capsule that encloses the lens
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macula lutea
responsible for central vision
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nasolacrimal duct
passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
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optic disk
exit site for retinal nerve fibers
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optic nerve
nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
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posterior chamber
space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous filled with aqueous fluid
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retina
innermost layer that perceives and transmits light into the optic nerve
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cones
cells within the retina that respond to bright light
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rods
cells within the retina that respond to dim light
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sclera
outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
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vitreous
jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
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blepharospasm
involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye
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exophthalmos
exophthalmus
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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lacrimation
secretion of tears
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nystagmus
rapid movement of the eyeball
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photophobia
extreme sensitivity to the light
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scotoma
blind spot in vision
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refractive errors
defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye
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astigmatism
distorted vision that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
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hyperopia
difficulty seeing close objects
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myopia
difficulty seeing distend objects
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presbyopia
impaired vision owing to old-age
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accommodation
ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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ambylopia
decreased vision in early life
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blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
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blepharoptosis
drooping of the eyelid
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chalazion
inflammation of a meibomian gland
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cataract
clouding of the lens
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dacryoadenitis
inflammation of the lacrimal gland
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dacryocystitis
inflammation of the tear sac
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diabetic retinopathy
decrease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation, leading to loss of vision
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ectropion
outward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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entropion
inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
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hordeolum
an acute infection of sebaceous gland of the eyelid
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keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
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iritis
inflammation of the iris
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macular degeneration
breakdown of the tissues in the macula
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pseudophakia
when the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant
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pterygium
growth of conjunctival tissue that extends into the cornea
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retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium
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scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
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trichiasis
misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea
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distance visual acuity
measure of the ability to see from a specified distance
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fluorescein angiography
visualization of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye that is injected and circulates through the eye
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ophthalmoscopy
use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
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refraction
measurement of refractive errors using a phoropter
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phoropter
instrument that holds corrective lenses in front of the eye to determine optical correction
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slit-lamp biomicroscopy
use of a tabletop microscope to examine the eye
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sonography
sonography use of high-frequency sound waves to detect disease within the eye
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tonometry
use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure
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blepharoplasty
surgical repair of an eyelid
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cataract extraction
excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
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enucleation
excision of an eyeball
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iridectomy
excision of a portion of iris tissue
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iridotomy
incision into the iris to allow for drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber
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keratoplasty
corneal transplant
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laser surgery
use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues
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laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea
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intraocular lens implant (IOL)
implantation of an artificial lens
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eye instillation
introduction of a medicated solution in the eye
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eye irrigation
washing the eye with water or other fluid
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