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What is the most common cancer in men?
bronchogenic carcinoma
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What are the major causative facotrs for bronchogenic carcinoma?
cigarette smoking and urban living
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Where do the tumors from bronchogenic carcinoma metastasize? Why
- to pleurae, hila of lungs, and mediastinum and from them to other parts of body (including skull/brain)
- because of arrangement of lymphatics
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Tumorous involvement of phrenic N may result in what?
paralysis of half of respiratory diaphragm
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What happens because of the intimate relationship of recurrent laryngeal N to apex of lung?
N may be involved in apical lung cancers
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What are the results of apical lung cancers?
hoarseness, owing to paralysis of vocal fold (cord), because N supplies all but one of laryngeal mm
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Where does involvement of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes occur?
by lymphogenous spread of cancer cells
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Lymph from entire R lung drains into what?
tracheobronchial lymph nodes on R side
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Most lymph from L lung drains into what?
tracheobronchial lymph nodes of L side
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Lymph from lungs drain into the venous system via what?
R/L bronchomedastinal trunks
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Since the lymph from lungs drains into venous system, the lymph may carry cancer cells into what?
- veous systme
- R atrium of heart
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After passing through pulmonary circulation, blood and cancer cells return to heart and are distributed to what?
entire bdy
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Where are common sites of hematogenous metastasis of cancer cells from bronchogenic carcinoma?
- brain
- bones
- lungs
- suprarenal (adrenal) glands
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How do tumor cells most likely eter the systemic circulation?
passing through capillary/venule in lung, and transported via pulmonary veins, L heart, and aorta
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When would lymph nodes superior to clavicle become enlarged and hard?
w/ CA of bronchus, owing to metastases from primary tumor
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Supraclavicular lymph nodes are commonly referred to as what? Why?
- sentinel lymph nodes
- b/c enlargement alerts examiner to possibility of malignant disease in thoracic/abdominal organs
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