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Mare
Female after 3rd Birthday
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Dam
Mare that has given birth
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Stallion
Intact male between 2&3 yrs old
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Sire
Stallion that has fathered a foal
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Foal
4-7 old, either gender
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Weanling
Young horse, till first birthday
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Long yearling
1-1/2 to second birthday
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How tall can a mini be?
<8.2 hands
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How tall can a pony be
10-14.2H
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How tall can a "light" horse be
14.2-17.2
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Cold blooded
Easy going temperment, Draft breeds
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Warm-blooded
Inbetween temperment
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Hot-blooded
Very spririted, most light breeds
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How tall is a mini mediterranean
Up to 36" at the withers
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What is the scientific name for "ass"
Equus asinus
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How tall is a standard donkey
36.01"-48" Working donkey, also known as "burro"
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How tall can a large standard be
48"-54"
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How tall can the mammoth donkey be
Greater than 54"
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What is a male donkey called
Jack
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What is a female donkey called
Jennet
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what is an informal term for a gelded donkey
john
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What is a donkey used to breed horse mares to produce mules called
Mule jack
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Male donkey used to breed jennet mares to produce donkeys
jennet jack
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What is the cross on a donkey
Dorsal black strip from poll to tail
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How many chromosomes does a horse have
32 pairs
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How many pairs of chromosomes does a donkey have
31 pairs
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What is the most common term for a "mule"
Horse mare bred to a donkey jack
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What is the most common term for a Hinny
Jennet mare bred to a horse stallion
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What is a "mare Mule"
female mule; aka molly mule
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When a horse has a chestnut coat what base color will you see?
A slight yellow
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When a horse has a sorrel color, what base color will you see?
A brown base color with a red tinge
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Where does the white color go to on a Tobiano
Extends over the back
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Where does the white go on an overo
White does not extend over the back
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Where would a white cornet marking be?
right along the cornet band
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Where is a Pastern white marking?
Extend up to the pastern but no farther
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Where is a sock?
Does not extend past the hock
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Where is a stocking
Extends past the hock up the leg
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Where do you put a microchip
Halfway between the withers and poll about 1 1/2 inches below the breast of the neck. injected about 1 1/2 inches beneath the skin
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What muscle is the micro chip inserted into
Nuchal ligament
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A dietary essential for one or more species of animals
Nutrient
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What are the nutritional needs
Maintenance, growth, reproduction, production
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4 Catagories of essential nutrients
Energy: Charbohydrates, Lipids
Protein: Building blocks of the body
Minerals: Electrolytes
Vitamins: Help bodily functions
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What is the most important nutrient
Water
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How many gallons can a horse drink per day
1 gal of water for ever 100lbs
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How much water can a horse loose while exercising?
10L per hr
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What is digestible energy used for in the body
Locomotion, thermoregulation, and maintaining body condition
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If you give a horse "too much energy" in its food, what happens?
Fat!
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If you dont give a horse "enough energy" in its food, what happens?
Skinny horse
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What is the primary source of energy in animals diets?
The break down of carbohydrates and lipids
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how is starch formed?
large numbers of simple surgar molecules combine to for complex carbohydrates (starch, cellulose)
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What are major components of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers?
Cellulose and hemicelluloses
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Waht is the baseline energy metabolism in herbivores?
Cellulose in forages by gut microbes
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What are oil orgins
Plant or marine animal orgin
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what are fat orgins
Animal orgin
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Saturated fat
Animal fat, no double bonds, solid at room temp
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Unsaturated fats
Plant, one or more double bonds, can take up hydrogen, liquid at room temp
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the process of converting an unsaturated fatty acid to more saturated one by adding H
Hydrogenation
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Integral part of all cells in the body
cell membrane
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what is muscle primarily composed of
Protein and water
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What is bone composed of?
Cartilaginous proteiin matrix that becomes mineralized with Ca and Ph
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Why are proteins so important?
Important to your immune system, act as a messenger system
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What are proteins composed of
Amino acids
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How many amino acids make up an animal protein?
20
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What are essential amino acids
Has to be provided through feed
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What are nonessential amino acids
Body can make them
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Example of an essential amino acid
Lysine, valine
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Example of a Nonessential amino acid
Glycine, serine, cystine
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What do all amino acids contain?
Nitrogen
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How much nitrogen do amino acids contain
16%
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What are the 2 types of minerals
Macrominerals and microelements/trace elements
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What is an example of a Macro mineral
Calcium, Phos, Sodium, Magnesium, sulfur
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What is an example of a microelement
Zinc, Iron, Cobalt
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What disease can develop if there are not enough vitamins in the diet
White muscle disease
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What vit is absent when "white muscle disease" develops?
Vit E
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What do organic vit. contain
Carbon
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What are the 2 groups of vit.
Fat-soluble, water- soluble
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What are some examples of fat-soluble vit.?
Vit, A, D, E, K
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What are some examples of Water soluble vit
Thiamin, Biotin, folic acid
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What percentage of crude protein does Orchard grass hay have
10%
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What % of crude protein does timothy hay have
9-12%
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What are some examples of legume hay?
Alfalfa, Clover
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What does legume hay have a symbiotic relationship witih?
Bacteria in root nodules
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What can crude protein % be in legume hay?
can be greater than 20%
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TDN
Total digestible nutrients
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What can readily available carbohydrates cause
Abnormal fermentation= build up of lactic acid in the gut= bacterial toxin release= laminitis
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Barley
Lower in digestible energy, superior to corn in protein content and protein quality. Always soak first
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Oats
Highest protein contest of the grains, low in energy content compard to other grains. High in fiber= feeling full so less likely to over eat
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What is the protein requirment for an adult horse
8-10%
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How much hay does an adult horse consume
1.5-1..75lbs of hay/ 100lbs
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What are the protein requirments for a light work
9.8%
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What are the protein requirments for a moderate work
10.4%
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What are the protein requirments for a heavy work
11.4%
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What is the % of protein in a milk based diet for a foal
16%
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When weaning what is the protein % requirment
15%
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When is creep feed offered to a foal?
4 weeks old
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What ratio is very important for proper bone growth in a foal?
Ca:PO4
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What are the protein requirments for a young growing horse
11-15%
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What causes OCD
Too high protein diets
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OCD
Osteochondrosis dessicans
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What can exsessive calcium cause
predisposes them to angular limb deformities and epiphystitis
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Epiphystitis
infl. of growth plate
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When does the 1st incisor erupt
1 wk
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when does the 2nd incisor erupt
4-6wks
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when does the 3rd incisor erupt
6-9 mo
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when does the 2nd re-molar erupt
birth-2wks
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when does the 3rd PM erupt
birth-2wks
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when does the 4th PM erupt
birth-2wks
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when do the adult 1st incisors erupt
2 1/2 yrs
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when do the adult 2nd incisors erupt
3 1/2 yrs
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When do the 3rd adult incisors erupt
4 1/2 yrs
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when do the adult canine teeth erupt
4-5yrs
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when do the PM1 adult teeth erupt
5-6months- 3yrs if present
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PM2 in an adult
2 1/2 yrs
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how many teeth does an adult male have
40 or 42
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How many teeth does an adult female have
36-40
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How many deciduous teeth are there
24. 12 incisors, 12 molars
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What is the PM1??
Wolf tooth
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when does the cup for I1 disapear
6yrs
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