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cerebraospinal fluid (CSF)
fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord
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spinal cord
column of nervous tissue, nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body
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meninges
- three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
- dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid
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peripheral nervous system
- nerves that branch from the CNS-crainal nerves and spinal nerves
- cranial nerves: 12 pairs
- spinal nerves: 31 pairs
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sensory nerves (afferent)
nerves conducting impulses from body parts to the brain
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motor nerves (efferent)
nerves conducting impulses from the brain to muscles
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Autonomic nervous system
involuntary-smooth & cardiac muscle + glands
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hypothalamus
control center for the ANS
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sympathetic vs. parasympathetic
- both part of ANS
- sympathetic: fight or flight
- parasympathetic: rest and digest
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dysphasia
difficulty speaking
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dysarthria
difficulty articulating-incoordination of motor (muscle) speech
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coma
decreased consciousness
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delirium
- mental confusion, disturbances of cerebral function
- from: fever, shock, OD, etc.
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dementia
- impariment of intellectual function
- memory loss, disorientation, confusion
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motor deficit
loss/impairment of muscle function
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sensory deficit
loss/impairment of sensation
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neuralgia
pain along a nerve
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paralysis
temporary or permanent loss of motor control
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flaccid paralysis
flabby, defective, absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion
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spastic paralysis
stiff and awkward muscle control caused by central nervous system disorder
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hemiparesis
partial paralysis of the Right or Left half of the body
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sciatica
pain that follows the pathway of a sciatic nerve
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seizure
sudden disturbance of brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses
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convulsion
to pull together; type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles
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hyperesthesia
increased sensitivity, ex: to touch or pain
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paresthesia
abnormal sensation of numbness/tingling without cause
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agnosia
loss of neruological function associated with interpretation of sensory information
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Alzheimer disease
- disease of structural changes in the brain
- forgetfullness, disorientation, loss of intellectual function, death
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- deterioration of motor nerve cells leading to total loss of voluntary muscle control.
- Lou Gehrig disease
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cerebral palsy
- motor dysfunction due to damage of the cerebrum during development/birth injury
- characteristics: partial paralysis & lack of muscle coordination
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cerebrovascular disease
disorder-change within one or more blood vessels of the brain
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cerebral arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries of the brain
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cerebral atherosclerosis
fatty plaque buildup within the vessels of the brain
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cerebral aneurysm
dilation of blood vessels in the brain
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cerebral thrombosis
having a stationary blood clot in a vessel of the brain
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cerebral embolism
obstruction of a blood vessel int eh brain by an embolus transported through the circulation
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cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
- stroke
- damage to the brain caused by a cerebrovascular disease-embolus, hemorrhage...
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transient ischemic attach (TIA)
brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain-caused by partial occlusion
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encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
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epilepsy
recurrent seizures, affecting CNS
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tonic-clonic
- type of epilepsy
- stiffening-jerking-a MAJOR motor seizue (aka grand mal)
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glioma
tumor of glial cells
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herniated disk
protrusion of intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes-compressing root
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herpes zoster
- viral disease, shingles
- affects peripheral nerves, causing painful blisters
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