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Medial
- closer to midline, in reference to median sagittal plane.
- ie. left eye is medial to left ear
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Lateral
- farther from midline, in reference to median sagittal plane
- ie. arms are lateral to trunk
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Anterior (ventral)
- closer to front, in reference to coronal (frontal) plane
- ie. heart is anterior to vertebral column
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Posterior (dorsal)
- closer to back, in reference to coronal (frontal) plane
- ie. vertebral column is posterior to stomach
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Superior (cranial)
- closer to head, in reference to transverse (horizontal) plane
- ie. neck is superior to trunk
-
Inferior (caudal)
- closer to feet (tail)
- ie. kidneys are inferior to lungs
-
Proximal
- closer to the toot of the structure
- ie. arm is proximal to forearm
-
Distal
- father from the root of the structure
- ie. ankle is distal to knee
-
Superficial
- closer to the surface of the body
- ie. ribs are superficial to the heart
-
Deep
- father from the surface of the body
- ie. lungs are deep to ribs
-
Palm
- palmer aspect of hand
- ie. hairs dont grow on the skin of the palm
-
Sole
- plantar aspect of the foot
- ie. skin of the sole is thick
-
Dorsum
- dorsal aspect of hand or foot
- ie. superficial veins run deep in the skin of the dorsum of hand
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Ipsilateral
- on the same side of the body
- ie. left arm and left leg are ipsilateral
-
Contralateral
- on the opposite side of the body
- ie. right elbow and left wrist are contralateral
-
Internal
- inside a body cavity or a hollow structure
- ie. internal iliac artery is located inside the pelvic cavity
-
External
- outside the body cavity or a hollow structure
- ie. exteral carotid artery is located outside the cranial cavity.
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