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What are the different types of genes? (give a short description of each)
- Houskeeping : Are in constant supply. (e.g. Cox1, rubisco, and ATP synthase enzymes)
- Inductive : These must be turned on.
- Constitutive : Both.
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Describe the Genetic Code.
DNA sequences within most genes contain the information to direct the order of amino acids within polypeptides.
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What is a codon?
3 bases = 1/20 Amino Acids
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How many pairs of chromosomes are there in humans?
23
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What is gene expression?
The process of using a gene sequence to affect the characteristics of cells and organisms.
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Genetics span what four areas?
- Molecular
- Cellular
- Organism
- Population
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What are the Genedtic modification types? (Give a discription of each)
- Gene Mutations : small alteration that will alter the expression or funtion of the protiens that the gene specifies.
- Structure : Major alteration, large section of a chromosome is lost, rearranged, or reattached to another chromosome.
- Number : Major alteration, some organisms may recieve to many or few chromosomes.
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What is an enviornmental factor and what is an example?
- External influences that dictate the way that genetic variation is manifested in an individual.
- PKU
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What is PKU?
- Phenylketonuria
- 1 in 10k births
- Humans posses gene that encodes an enzyme known as Phenylalanine hydroxylase. People with one or more copies of the gene to metabolize the AA Phenylalanine.
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What is a homologue?
in 2n cells, organism contains one chromosome from each parent which code for the same genes.
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What is pangenisis?
It is a pre mendalian concept in which all cells contribute to human gametes.
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What is the argument of SPermists vs. Ovists?
A pre mendalian concept that involves the belief of a hemunculus. Which is a little man hat resides in either egg or sperm and the other gamete is simply there for nutritive purposes.
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What is the blending theory?
A premendalian concept in which both sexes contribute evenly to the offspring.
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What is the particulate Theory of inheritance?
It states that Genes that govern certain traits are inherited as discrete units and remain unchanged.
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What is independent assortment?
Different genes will randomly assort their alleles during the formation of gametes.
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