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hypopnea
shallow breathing
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dyspnea
difficulty breathing
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apnea
inability to breathe
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orthopnea
ability to breathe only in an upright position
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Cheyne-Strokes respiration
- pattern of breathing
- gradual increase of depth and/or rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea
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crackles
rales
- popping sounds heard on ausculation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli
- Heard with bronchiectasis or atelectasis
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wheezes
rhonchi
- high-pitches musical sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs as air flows through a narrowed airways
- Heard with asthma or emphysema
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stridor
high-pitches crowing sound, a sign of obstruction in the upper airway (trachea/larynx)
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expectoration
coughing up/spitting out matieral from the lungs
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sputum
material expelled from the lungs by coughing
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hemoptysis
couching up/spitting out blood from the lungs
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hypercapnia
hypercarbia
excessive levels of CO2 in the blood
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hyperventilation
- excessive movement of air in and out of lungs
- causing hypocapnia
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hypoventilation
- deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs
- causing hypercapnia
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hypoxemia
deficient amount of Oxygen in the blood
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hypoxia
dificient anount of Oxygen in tissue cells
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obstructive lung disorder
blocking the flow or air moving out of the lungs
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restrictive lung disorder
limiting the intake of air into the lungs
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pulmonary edema
fulid filling the space around the alveoli-flooding them
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pulmonary infiltrate
- density on an x-ray-representing solid material within the air spcaes of the lungs
- will indicate inflammation
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rhinorrhea
- discharge from the nose
- "runny nose"
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asthma
- obstructive pulmonary disease
- spasm of the bronchial tubes/swelling of mucous membrane, wheezing, dyspnea, and cough
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atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue
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bronchiectasis
abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus
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bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
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bronchogenic carcinoma
lung cancer
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bronchospasm
constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the smooth muscle
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emphysema
- obstructive pulmonary disease
- overexpansion of the alveoli with air-destruction of walls-loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder.
- a combination of chronic bronchitis & emphysema
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cystic fibrosis
- inherited condition of exocrine glands
- secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body; especially lungs and digestive tract
- leads to infection, inflammation and lung tissue damage
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laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
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pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
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pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
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empyema
pyothorax
accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
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hemothorax
accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
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pleuritis
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
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