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alveol/o
alveolus (air sack)
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bronch/o bronchi/o
brunchus (air way)
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bronchiol/o
bronchiole (little airway)
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laryng/o
larynx, voicebox
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lob/o
lobe or portion of the lung
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pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
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pneum/o pneumon/o
air or lung
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thorac/o pector/o steth/o
chest
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tonsill/o
tonsil (almond)
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trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
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uvul/o
uvula (dangly thing in the throat)
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larynx
moves air from the pharynx to the trachea and contains vocal cords
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glottis
opening between the vocal cords
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epiglottis
lid-like structure that covers the larynx while swallowing
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bronchial tree
branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
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right and left bronchus
two primary airwarys branching from the area of the carina into the lungs
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bronchioles
progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways
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alveoli
thin-walled microscopic air sacks that exchange gasses
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pleura
membranes enclosing the lung and lining the thoracic cavity
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pleural cavity
potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura
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diaphragm
muscle at the bottom of the lungs that expands and relaxes the lungs enableing breathing
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mediastinum
partition that separates the thorax into two compartments and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea and thymu gland
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how many lobes do the lungs have?
3 on the right and 2 on the left
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cilia
hair-like processes from the surfaces of epithelial cells, suh as those of the bronchi, that provide upward movement of the mucus cell secretions
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parenchyma
functional lung tissue
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hypopnea
shallow breathing
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dyspnea
difficulty breathing
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apnea
inability to breathe
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orthopnea
patient that needs to sit up straight to breathe
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Cheyna-Stokes respiration
pattern of breathing marked by an increase of depth and rate, reaches a peak and then comes back down and results in a period of apnea.
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stridor
a high pitched crowing sound in respiration that indicates something is obstructing the upper airway
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expectoration
coughing up and spitting out material from the lungs
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sputum
material expelled from the lungs by coughing
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hemoptysis
coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs
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hypercapnea or hypercarbnia
excessive CO2 levels in the blood
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hyperventilation
excessive mobement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia
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hypoventilation
deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia
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hypoxemia
deficient amount of O2 in the blood
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hypoxia
deficient amoung of oxygen in tissue cells
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obstructing lung disorder
condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
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restrictive lung disorder
condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs
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pulmonary edema
fluid filling of the spaces aroun the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli
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pulmonary infiltrate
density on an x-ray representing solid material within the air paces of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changes
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rhinorrhea
thin, watery discharge from the nose
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asthma
panting, obstructing pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucus membrane
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atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)
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-ectasis
expansion or dilation
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bronchiectasis
abnormal dilation of the brinchi with accumulation of mucus
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bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
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bronchogenic carcinoma
lung cancer
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bronchospasm
constriction of bronchi caused by a spasm of the peribronchal smooth myscle
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emphysema
obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in elasticity and gas absorbtion
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
permanent, destructive ulmonary disorder that is combo of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
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cystic fibrosis
inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body
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laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
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