Ch 8: Part II

• primary organ of the lymphatic system
• produces T lymphocytes

• filters out aging blood cells & debris through phagocytosis
• lymphocytes initiate here

fluid from organs/tissues that is circulated through the lymph vessels

microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to lymph vessels

vessels that receive lymph from lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph node

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestines that absorb FAT into the bloodstream

white/pale substance of lymph that contains FATTY substances absorbed by the lacteals

• small oval structures that filter lymph
• many in: cervical, axillary and inguinal regions of the body

collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes back into our blood stream-to veins

receives lymph from upper right part of the body

receives lymph from left side of head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm and lower extremeties.

pathogen-when introduced into the body, antibodies will form against it

destroys or inactivates an antigen

• Antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes
• 5 classes: IgG, IgA, IgE, IgM, IgD

immunity that protects us against future infections-these develop naturally after we contract an infection (pathogen) or artificually from a vaccine

immunity resulting from antibodies conveyed naturally from our mothers (in the placenta) or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies.

abnormal reduction of red blood cells

abnormal reduction of lymphocytes

abnormal reduction of neutrophils

abnormal reduction in all cellular components in the blood

breakdown of red blood cell membrane

impaired immunological defenses due to a disorder or therapy with suppresive agents.

imparied ability to provide an immune response

presense of enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes

enlargement of the spleen

caused by HIV, immune cells are ineffective- therefore, you become suseptable to infection, malignance, neurological diseases, STDs, etc.

reduction in red blood cells- not enogh O2 to tissures

• normocytic-normochromic
• failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells

• microcytic-hypochromic
• lack of iron; small red blood cells containing low amonts of hemoglobin

• macrocytic-normochromic
• inadequite supply of B12; causing RBCs to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number.

• when the body produces antibodies against itself
• resulting in-tissue distruction, loss of function, etc.

incompatability of a fetus and mother, Rh + and -, mothers blood attacks babies, baby needs blood transfusion to survive.

hereditary disorder-excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body

hereditary bleeding disorders in which clotting factors are abscent and blood does not coagulate.

• chronic/acute malignant disease of blood-forming organs
• abnormal leukocytes in blood/bone marrow
• classified according to type of white blood cell

• disorder of the bone marrow-proliferation of abnormal stem cells
• usually develops into a more specific type of leukemia

• neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue
• malignant, Hodgkin disease

process of spreading cancer cells by way of blood and lymph circulation

• caused by Epstein-Barr cirus
• increse in mononuclear cells (monocytes/lymphocytes) in the blood, enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue and sore throat

increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

systemic disease caused by infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood

bleeding disorder-abnormal decrease in the number of platelets-impairs clotting process