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What is anger?
Normal emotional response to a perceived threat, frustration, or distressing event
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What is aggression?
A forceful attitude or action that is expressed physically, symbolically, or verbally
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What is assertiveness?
The ability to directly express one�s feelings or needs in a way that respects the rights of other people yet retains one�s dignity
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What is an impulse control?
Ability to express one�s emotions in appropriate or effective ways
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What is �acting out�?
Use of inappropriate or destructive behaviors to express emotions
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What is passive aggression?
Indirect expressions of anger through subtle, evasive, or manipulative behaviors
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What is violence?
Behavior that threatens or harms other people or their property
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What is assault?
Any behavior that presents an immediate threat to another person
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What is battery?
Unlawful use of force on a person without his or her consent
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How do infants express unmet needs?
Loud, uncontrollable crying and screaming, profuse perspiration, difficulty breathing, flailing of arms and legs
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Why do toddlers engage in temper tantrums?
To focus their aggression on the person or thing they think is responsible for their anger
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How do preschool children show their anger?
By assaulting or hitting each other frequently
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What happens during the trigger stage of an assault?
Coping mechanisms are chosen in an attempt to achieve control
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When are crisis interventions successful in during a cycle of assault?
Very early in the trigger stage
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During what stage are aggressive behaviors such as rapid pacing, fist pounding and complaining loudly seen?
Escalation stage
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In what stage does actual assaultive behavior occur?
Crisis stage
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During the crisis stage, why are people unable to listen to reason, follow directions, or engage in mental exercises?
They are so controlled by their anger that they cannot respond to most outside stimuli
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What interventions should take place during the recovery stage?
Assessing for injuries or trauma and providing a safe, quiet environment in which the person can recover
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What takes place during the depression stage?
A period of guild and attempts to reconcile with others
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What is an adjustment disorder?
Emotional or behavioral problems that develop in response to an identifiable source
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How long does an adjustment disorder last?
No longer than 6 mos after the stressor has stopped
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What is the first step in controlling aggressive behaviors?
To assess the client�s potential for engaging in inappropriate behaviors
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When is a mental status assessment obtained?
As soon as possible after admission
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What is assessed during a mental status assessment?
General appearance, activity and behaviors
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What is assessed during a psychosocial assessment?
Relationships, cultural, spiritual, and occupational areas of the client�s life
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What do level one interventions focus on?
Prevention of violence
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What is the goal of level one interventions?
Establish and maintain a trusting therapeutic relationship with clear and honest communication
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What is the goal of level two interventions?
Focus on protecting the client and others from potential harm
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What are the proper steps in communicating with angry clients?
Listen actively; identify emotions; explore options; offer positive comments
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How does the nurse gently, but firmly set limits on the client�s behaviors?
By suggesting that the client take a time-out, cooling-off period
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How long should a nurse allow a client to act out?
As long as they limit their behaviors to verbal assaults and harmless physical movements
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What type of client is seen during level 3 interventions?
Those who are out of control, verbally abusive or physically aggressive
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What are the three interventions available during level three?
Seclusion, restraints, and IM medication
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What do interventions for caregivers focus on?
Learning to effective control your own feelings of anger
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What is the feature of an impulse-control disorder?
The failure to resist an impulse, drive or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others
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What happens to the person with an impulse-control disorder who engages in the behavior?
They experience gratification, pleasure, and a release of tension
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What is neglect?
Harm to another�s health or welfare or through a failure to provide for basic needs
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What is agitation?
Behavior that is verbally or physically offensive
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What is aggression?
Forceful attitude or action that is expressed physically, symbolically, or verbally
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What is abuse?
Intentional misuse of someone that results in harm, injury, or trauma
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What is violence?
An outburst of physical force that abuses, injuries or harms another person or object
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What is exploitation?
The use of an individual for selfish purposes, profit or gain
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What does the social learning theory state?
That aggressive and violent behaviors are learned through role modeling and others in the environment
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Who does sociological theories credit as causes for violence?
Environmental and social factors such as overcrowding, lack of adequate housing, poor hygiene, and unemployment
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What is machismo?
Compulsive masculinity
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What do feminist theories state?
That males are socialized throughout childhood to behave more aggressively and violently
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What is domestic violence?
Abuse and battering within a family
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What is battering?
Repeated physical abuse of someone
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What is the leading cause of maternal death during pregnancy?
Trauma
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What percentage of clients are abused during pregnancy?
15%
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What is physical abuse?
Inflicted injury, ranging from minor bruises and lacerations to severe trauma and death
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What is sexual abuse?
Intentional engaging of children in any sexual act
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What is emotional abuse?
Rejection, criticism, terrorizing, isolation
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When should shaken baby syndrome be suspected?
In an infant with unexplained or vague injuries, with a history of unexplained lethargy, fussiness, or irritability
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What is a growing problem seen in today�s schools?
bullying
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What is the most common form of violence within the home?
Violence between siblings
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Why do abused adolescents have significant health risks?
Emotional disorders often result form a history of insecurity and self-survival
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Who is a typical victim of elder abuse?
An older woman who is living with a relative and is physically or mentally impaired
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What is the first goal when working with a victim of violence?
Prevent violence from occurring
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What is the second goal when working with a victim of violence?
Early recognition and treatment for violated individuals
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What is the first priority of care for every victim of violence?
To ensure safety and security
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What does treatment of victims of violence consist of ?
Assessing risk factors, developing intervention to reduce aggressive reactions, and helping clients learn more effective coping skills
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What are the signs and symptoms of neglect in a child�s physical appearance?
consistently dirty, unwashed, hungry, abandoned, lacks routine medical care, constantly tired
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What are the signs and symptoms of neglect in a child�s behavior?
Engages in delinquent acts, begs or steals food, rarely attends school
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What are the signs and symptoms of neglect in a caretaker�s behavior?
Misuses drugs or alcohol, chaotic home life, mentally ill or diminished intelligence
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What are the physical signs and symptoms of child abuse?
Bruises and welts, burns, lacerations and abrasions, human bite marks
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What are the signs and symptoms of child abuse in a child�s behavior?
Wary of physical contact with adults, frightened of parents, reports injury by parents,
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What are the signs and symptoms of child abuse in a caretaker�s behavior?
History of abuse as a child, harsh discipline, no explanation of child�s injury, attempts to conceal child�s injury, misuses alcohol or other drugs
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How do many older adults choose to commit a passive suicide?
Refusing to eat, drink, or cooperate with others
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What are the risk factors for suicide in elderly people?
Advanced age, male gender, low socioeconomic status, chronic pain or illness, fear of becoming dependent or helpless
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What are indirect self-destructive behaviors?
Any behaviors or actions that may result in harm to the individuals well-being or death
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What are some examples of indirect-self destructive behaviors?
Substance abuse, inappropriate or dangerous activities, unwillingness to change negative thoughts or actions
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Why do people perform self-injuries?
To reaffirm they are still alive; pain serves as a reminder of their connection with the body and its physical world
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What are direct self-destructive behaviors?
Form of active suicidal behavior, such as threats, gestures or attempts to end one�s life
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What percentage of suicides occur in males older than 65 years?
28%
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In society, what has a strong influence on the occurrence of suicide?
Inability to meet basic needs
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What is a significant factor in relation to suicide?
The availability of weapons
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What is rational suicide?
The choice to end one�s life freely and rationally with a sound mind
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What is the first motive for suicide?
A cry for help
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What is the second motive for suicide?
Refusal to accept a diminished quality, style or pace of life
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What is the third motive for suicide?
The need to affirm one� soul
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What is the fourth motive for suicide?
To relieve distress related to situations that threaten the intactness of a person
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What is the fifth motive for suicide?
Individuals who are preoccupied with suicide
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What does the psychoanalytical theory state?
That all humans have the instinct for life and death within them
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What does the sociological theory state?
It considers the relationship between he number of suicides and the social conditions of an area
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What is suicidal ideation?
Thoughts are fantasies that are expressed but have no definite intent
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What are suicidal threats?
Verbal or written expressions of the intent to take one�s life but are without actions
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What are suicidal gestures?
Suicidal actions that result in little or no injury but communicate a message of suicidal intent
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What is the most important question to ask of a suicidal potential?
�Do you think you can control your behavior and refrain from acting on your thoughts or impulses?�
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What is the first step in evaluating a suicidal potential?
Asses the risk factors for the age of the client
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What is a no-harm contract?
A promise not to engage in self-destructive behaviors
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What is the second step in evaluating a suicidal potential?
Ask the client directly if he or she has any thoughts relating to suicide
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What is the first priority of care of suicidal clients?
Protection from harm
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What is one of the most important therapeutic intervention (after ensuring safety) with suicidal persons?
Establish rapport
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