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blast/o or -blast
germ or bud aka immature cells
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myel/o
bone marrow or spinal cord
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plasma
liquid portion of the blood
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serum
liquid part of the blood after clotting has taken place.
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erythrocyte
red blood cell - transports O2 and CO2 throughout the blood stream
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hemoglobin
protein-iron molecule contained inside an erythrocyte
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leukocyte
white blood cell - protects the body from the invasion of harmful substances.
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granulocytes
group of leukocytes that contain granules in their cytoplasm
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neutrophil
a granular leukocyte that fights infection by swallowing bacteria.
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band
an immature neutrophil
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agranulocytes
a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei
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lymphocyte
an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of imuunity
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There are 4 categories of lymphocytes
T cells (thymus gland) B cells (bone marrow cells) NK cells (natural killer) and K-type cells
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monocyte
an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
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platelets
thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood essential for blood clotting
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thymus
the primary gland of the lyphatic system - produces T lymphocytes
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spleen
the organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells
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lymph
fluid originating in the organs and tissues of the body that is circulated through the lymph vessels
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lymph capillaries
microscopic vssels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels
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lacteals
specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream
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chyle
a white or pale yellow substance of te lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals
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lymph nodes
many small oval structurs that filter the lymph
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lymph ducts
collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
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right lymphatic duct
recieves lymph from the upper right part of the body
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thoracic duct
receives lymph from everywhere but the upper right part of the body
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antigen
the damaging agent in the body
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antibody
a substance that is produced by the body to inactivated or destroys an invading antigen
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immunoglobulins (Ig)
protein antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes that protect the body from invasion of foreign pathogens
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immunity
process of disease protection induced by exoposure to an antigen
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active immunity
immunity created within your own body
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passive immunity
immunity created by antibodies being passed through the placenta to the fetus
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-cytosis
increased amount
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immunocompromised
impaired defenses caused by an ummunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents
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immunosuppression
impaired ability to provide an immune response
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lymphadenopathy
enlarged diseased lymph nodes
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AIDS - Aquired ImmunoDefeciency Syndrome
a syndrome caused by HIV that renders immune cells ineffective
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HIV
Human Immunodeficiency virus
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anemia
a condition where there is reduction of cells in the blood - erythrocytes, leukocytes etc.
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aplastic anemia
a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
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iron deficiency anemia
a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron = affecting hemoglobin production and small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin
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pernicious anemia
a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12
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autoimmune disease
any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function.
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hemophilia
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors neccessary for the coagulation of blood
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myelodysplasia
a disrder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells; usually develops into a specific type of leukemia
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lymphoma
any neyplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease
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metastasis
the process by which cancer cells are spread through the blood or lymph circulation to distant organs
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mononucleosis
a condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by an ncrease in mononuclear cells in the blood along with enlarged lynph nodes, fatigue and sore throat
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polycythemia
an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
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septicemia
a systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood
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thrombocytopenia
a bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, which impairs the clotting process.
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blood chemistry
a test of the fluid portion of the blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent (glucose, cholesterol, etc)
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blood chemistry panels
specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood
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blood culture
a test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimin of blood in an environment that encourages growth of microorganisms
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CD4 cell count
a measure of the number of CD4 cells (a subset of T lymphocytes) in the blood; used in the mobitering the course of HIV and timing the treatment of AIDS
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
the most common lab test performed as a general screening of general health or diagnostic purposes.
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hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb)
test to determin the blood level of hemoglobin
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hematocrit (HCT or Hct)
a measurment of the perfecntage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
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blood indices
calculation of RBC, Hgb and Hct results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration and content of red blood cells for classification of anemia
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