Echo

Which ultrasound system control automatically calibrates for measurements?
A. ) Overall gain.
B. ) Near gain.
C. ) Reject.
D. ) Depth.

Increasing system gain can reduce technical artifacts.

True or False
True False

The purpose of the time-gain compensation (TGC) circuit is:
A. ) To compensate for loss of ultrasound energy (attenuation) as the beam enters the body.
B. ) To enhance far-field echos
C. ) To selectively eliminate weak echos.
D. ) To suppress near-field echos.

Which of the following are true regarding the side lobes seen in two-dimensional images?
a.) They are generated from the edge of individual transducer elements.
b.) They are greater problem with mechanical systems.
c.) They are a greater problem with phased-array systems.
d.) They display fuzzy areas on the image.

In a parasternal long-axis transducer position, imaging is being done from the wrong intercostal space when:
A. ) The interventricular septum and the anterior aortic root wall are contiguous.
B. ) The interventricular septum and the posterior aortic root wall meet.
C. )The interventriular septum and the anterior aortic root wall do not meet.
D. ) The interventricular septum and the anterior aortic root wall meet at a right angle.

Whith which of the following conditions would a contrast agent not likely be used to enhance the echo diagnosis?
A. ) Atrial septal defect.
B. ) Ventricular septal defect.
C. ) Patent ductus arteriosus.
D. ) Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

Left-to-right shunts are more difficult than right-to-left shunts to detect with peripheral-vein contrast injections because:
a.) Contrast is totally filtered out at the pulmonary capillary level.
b.) Negative contrast is not as easy to identify as positive contrast.
c.) Microbubbles will not travel left to right because of pressure differences
d.) The microbubbles traveling from the right side into the left are rare and difficult to see.

In which condition could amyl nitrite be useful?

A. ) Atrial septal defect.
B. ) aortic stenosis.
C. ) Mitral stenosis.
D. ) Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

In the patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with no systolic anterior motion (SAM) at rest, SAM may be demonstrated by the use of:
A. ) the valsalva maneuver.
B. ) Inspiration
C. ) Expiration
D. ) Amyl nitrite.

When using a large sample volume in performing a Doppler examination, the operator:
A. ) Reduces the sensitivity of the instrument.
B. ) Increases the chances of erroneously detecting flow in adjacent chambers.
C. ) lengthens the examination time.
D. ) minimizes the chances of missing jets.

The apical four-chamber view is frequently the first approach for a Doppler study because:
A. ) The Doppler beam is parallel to the flow through multiple valves.
B. ) It is the easiest location from which to obtain image and Doppler information.
C. ) The transducer is closest to the valves in this position.
D. ) More abnormalities can be identified from this location.

Parasternal Lon

Parasternal long-axis views are good for Doppler applications because of the relationship of angle to flow.
True or False
True False